lead

摘要： BACKGROUND Although minimal change disease(MCD)and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)have been described as two separate forms of nephrotic syndrome(NS),they are not completely independent.We report a case of a patient transitioning from MCD to FSGS,review the literature,and explore the relationship between the two diseases.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old male welder,presenting with lower extremity edema and elevated serum creatinine,was diagnosed with NS and end-stage kidney disease(ESKD)based on laboratory test results.The patient had undergone a kidney biopsy for NS 20 years previously,which indicated MCD,and a second recent kidney biopsy suggested FSGS.The patient was an electric welder with excessive levels of cadmium and lead in his blood.Consequently,we suspect that his aggravated pathology and occurrence of ESKD were related to metal nephrotoxicity.The patient eventually received kidney replacement therapy and quit his job which involved long-term exposure to metals.During the 1-year follow-up period,the patient was negative for metal elements in the blood and urine and recovered partial kidney function.CONCLUSION MCD and FSGS may be different stages of the same disease.The transition from MCD to FSGS in this case indicates disease progression,which may be related to excessive metal contaminants caused by the patient’s occupation.

摘要： Plasma mass separation requires a lot of diagnostic techniques that not only demonstrate the separation effect but also show the efficiency of the process.During the test experiments,plasma flux to be separated may contain neutral particles that avoid the separation process due to their insensitivity to electromagnetic field.We present the diagnostics of the lost substance in experiments on plasma mass separation.The obtained data of the diagnostics helps determine the law of particle evaporation from the plasma source.We show that neutral flux is unable to distort the result of separation diagnostics.The presented approach can be used in experiments aimed at enhancing the separation effect and achieving target productivity for industry applications.

摘要： The restoration of soils polluted by trace metals (Pb and Cd) by phytoremediation is an innovative and ecologically sustainable solution. The objective of the study was to develop a process of phytoaccumulation of trace metals (Pb and Cd) in soils with the species Panicum maximum. For this purpose, 30 buckets containing soil were used. These included six (06) buckets per dose of soil contamination by Pb and Cd (3 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg of Cd and 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of Pb) and six (6) buckets containing uncontaminated soil (control). During a period of 90 days of experimentation, the concentrations of trace metals in the plant biomass and in the soils were measured. Also, the bioaccumulation (BF) and translocation (TF) factors, the mass of Pb and Cd taken up by the plant were determined. The results showed that the biomass produced was negatively influenced by increasing Pb and Cd concentration. The concentrations of Pb and Cd accumulated by P. maximum varied in the aboveground biomass from 6.48 ± 0.55 to 18.09 ± 0.71 mg/kg (Pb100);from 10.93 ± 0.38 to 23.04 ± 0.79 mg/kg (Pb300);from 0.91 ± 0.02 to 1.50 ± 0.03 mg/kg (Cd3);and from 3.05 ± 0.08 to 5.43 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9) from day 30 to day 90. However, in the root biomass, trace metals (Pb and Cd) ranged from 8.09 ± 0.58 to 22.57 ± 0.86 mg/kg (Pb100);from 29.45 ± 0.49 to 62.35 ± 0.82 mg/kg (Pb300);from 0.66 ± 0.01 to 1.11 ± 0.07 mg/kg (Cd3);and from 2.22 ± 0.08 to 3, 97 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9), from day 30 to day 90. Pb was concentrated in the root biomass and Cd in the aboveground biomass. Bioaccumulation factor values ranged from 0.26 ± 0.02 to 0.99 ± 0.04 (Pb100);from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.06 (Pb300);from 0.83 ± 0.09 to 1.72 ± 0.18 (Cd3);and from 0.70 ± 0.08 to 1.54 ± 0.18 (Cd9). High concentrations of Pb and Cd show a negative effect on the accumulation potential of P. maximum.

摘要： The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.

摘要： [Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the contents of heavy metal lead and chromium in food packaging bags.[Methods]The contents of heavy metal lead and chromium in food packaging bags were determined by microwave digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.With concentrated nitric acid and 30%hydrogen peroxide solution as the digestion system,food packaging bags of different materials,plastic packaging bags and paper packaging bags,were ultrasonically digested and then determined for the contents of heavy metal lead and chromium by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.[Results]The determination results showed that the linear correlation coefficient of lead was 0.9967,and the linear correlation coefficient of chromium was 0.9977.The method has the characteristics of simplicity,high analysis speed and high sensitivity.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the safety of food packaging bags.

摘要： 目的:探讨下肢动脉病变(LEAD)应用无创周围血管配合下肢动脉彩超检测的诊断价值.方法:选取2019年1月-2020年9月在本院确诊为糖尿病的149例患者为研究对象,发生下肢血管病变的81例为病变组,未发生下肢血管病变68例为健康对照组.均采用动脉造影检查、无创周围血管配合下肢动脉彩超检测,比较两种检查方式下的周围血管弹性、血管功能、检出情况以及检测灵敏度和特异性.结果:病变组两种检测方式的PWV、ABI、脉压指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).病变组两种检测方式的病变检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).无创周围血管配合下肢动脉彩超检测的准确率为97.99％(146/149),漏诊率2.47％,误诊率1.47％,灵敏度为97.53％,特异度为98.53％.结论:无创周围血管配合下肢动脉彩超检测具有较高的检出率、灵敏度以及特异度,可代替动脉血管造影,作为临床诊断LEAD的重要依据,值得临床推广.

摘要： Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants for ecosystems, especially aquatic ecosystems, because of their concentration in certain living organisms and their presence in the food chain. This study aims to evaluate the bacteriological, metallic (Pb, Cd, As) and toxicological risks associated with houin logbo (toho lake) in the municipality of Lokossa. The results obtained concern everyone: Toho lake is contaminated by Escherichia coli and faecal enterococci, concerning the evaluation of the metallic contamination we have: water (Pb: 0.1032, Cd: 0. 046, As: 0);sediment (Pb: 14.79, Cd: 1.27, As: 0.800);Oreochromis niloticus (Pb: 0.143, Cd: 0.087, As: 0.466);soils (Pb: 8.528, Cd: 2.755, As: 0.833);Solanum lycopersicum (Pb: 0.098, Cd: 0.066, As: 0). Consumption of lake fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and market garden produce (Solanum lycopersicum) exposes populations, especially children, to the risk of As and Cd poisoning.

摘要： New design solutions have been proposed for a BRS-GPG type reactor circuit, which are different from transport and stationary low and medium-powered reactor installations cooled with heavy liquid-metal coolants, and which correspond to the evolutionary development of such installations. While developing these solutions, the available experience in creating and operating Soviet pilot and commercial power plants cooled with lead-bismuth coolants was used, including investigations, primarily experimental ones, carried out by team of authors in justification of a capacity range (50 - 250 MW) of low and medium-powered reactor plants with horizontal steam generators (BRS- GPG) proposed and elaborated at the NNSTU.

摘要： In Benin, market gardening has become a new profession and plays an important role in the supply of fresh vegetables. In the coastal regions, fish farming is practiced on the outskirts of market gardening sites. However, poorly regulated cultivation practices and increasing pollution do not necessarily guarantee the sanitary quality of the products delivered. This study aims to evaluate the physico-chemical qualities of the water used for watering and, secondly, the lead and cadmium contamination of the water used for watering, the soil (sediment) and the fish products (fish) on the urban market gardening perimeter in the commune of Lokossa in Benin. These various samples taken for this purpose were analysed at the Ministry of Health’s Water and Food Quality Control Laboratory. We noted pollution of organic elements through the physico-chemical parameters measured such as temperature, NTK, COD, BOD and total phosphorus and confirmed by average lead and cadmium levels of 0.42 mg/L in water, 0.52 mg/L in sediment and 0.31 mg/L to 0.76 mg/L in fish tissue (Carp and Catfish) for lead and 0.07 mg/L in water, 0.1 mg/L in sediment and 0.5 mg/L in fish for cadmium. These rates are well above the normal values accepted by the GESAMP, PNEC INERIS and FAO standards. The consequences of this contamination are health risks for consumers.

摘要： Objective: Metals including arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium are toxic and can increase cardiovascular disease risk. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a biomarker for inflammation and cardiovascular risk. This study will evaluate the association between urinary speciated arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury and blood values of hs-CRP in the United States adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the 2015-2016 NHANES dataset, conducting multivariate linear regressions to analyze selected urinary metals and links with serum hs-CRP. Results: The sample consisted of 780 adults. In adjusted models, arsenocholine was found to be protective of inflammation, whereas aresnous acid, which is an inorganic, toxic type of arsenic acid, was positively associated with hs-CRP (b = 2.53). Conclusion: Urinary arsenous acid is a significant predictor of hs-CRP which is a biomarker for CVD.

摘要： The biosorption of different ions metals (Pb2+Cu2+and Cd2+) on the different types sludge wasinvestigated. Biomass of digested sludge and resting sludge can be easily applied as a cheap bioadsorbent forheavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+and Pb2+. Langmuir model was found to fit the experimental adsorptionand desorption data of the heavy metal on to the biomass of sludge. That has the competition uptake betweenthe difference metal with another when the adsorption system has the di-metal, and tri-metal combine.The maximal adsorption capacity of (each g DW) resting sludge was nearly 0.517 mmol Pb2+；0.552 mmolCu2+；g 0.389 mmol Cd2+, whereas, the maximal adsorption capacity of the digested sludge was 0.478 mmolPb2+, 0.43 mmol Cu2+and 0.549 mmol Cd2+.In the absorption system, it was found that, di-metal combine such as (Cu-Cd), (Pb-Cd), and (Cu-Pb), themetal uptake Cu2+≈ 3Cd2+, Pb2+>3 Cd2+, and Cu2+≈ Pb2+respectively. When tri-metal Cu-Cd-Pb combinesthe number of complex formation varies in the following order：Pb2+> Cu2+>Cd2+EPS was extracted by sonication method. humic substance were greater than protein and polysaccharide fordigested sludge, on the contrary, for resting sludge the protein is greater than humic. The ratio PN/PS variesfrom 1.25 to 2.7, the ratio PN/PS highest for resting sludge. Affinity absorption of Cu2+and Pb2+was higherthan Cd2+may be that have the competition metal uptake with functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,amide on the biomass surface of the sludge.The desorption process, HCl was used as the desorption reactant, nearly 98%recovery of Pb2+and Cu2+, andthe recovery efficiency was around 80%for Cd2+.The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use resting sludge and digested sludge as biosorbents, andthe heavy metals were biosorpted can be reused.

摘要： The biosorption of different ions metals (Pb2+Cu2+and Cd2+) on the different types sludge wasinvestigated. Biomass of digested sludge and resting sludge can be easily applied as a cheap bioadsorbent forheavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+and Pb2+. Langmuir model was found to fit the experimental adsorptionand desorption data of the heavy metal on to the biomass of sludge. That has the competition uptake betweenthe difference metal with another when the adsorption system has the di-metal, and tri-metal combine.The maximal adsorption capacity of (each g DW) resting sludge was nearly 0.517 mmol Pb2+；0.552 mmolCu2+；g 0.389 mmol Cd2+, whereas, the maximal adsorption capacity of the digested sludge was 0.478 mmolPb2+, 0.43 mmol Cu2+and 0.549 mmol Cd2+.In the absorption system, it was found that, di-metal combine such as (Cu-Cd), (Pb-Cd), and (Cu-Pb), themetal uptake Cu2+≈ 3Cd2+, Pb2+>3 Cd2+, and Cu2+≈ Pb2+respectively. When tri-metal Cu-Cd-Pb combinesthe number of complex formation varies in the following order：Pb2+> Cu2+>Cd2+EPS was extracted by sonication method. humic substance were greater than protein and polysaccharide fordigested sludge, on the contrary, for resting sludge the protein is greater than humic. The ratio PN/PS variesfrom 1.25 to 2.7, the ratio PN/PS highest for resting sludge. Affinity absorption of Cu2+and Pb2+was higherthan Cd2+may be that have the competition metal uptake with functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,amide on the biomass surface of the sludge.The desorption process, HCl was used as the desorption reactant, nearly 98%recovery of Pb2+and Cu2+, andthe recovery efficiency was around 80%for Cd2+.The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use resting sludge and digested sludge as biosorbents, andthe heavy metals were biosorpted can be reused.

摘要： The biosorption of different ions metals (Pb2+Cu2+and Cd2+) on the different types sludge wasinvestigated. Biomass of digested sludge and resting sludge can be easily applied as a cheap bioadsorbent forheavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+and Pb2+. Langmuir model was found to fit the experimental adsorptionand desorption data of the heavy metal on to the biomass of sludge. That has the competition uptake betweenthe difference metal with another when the adsorption system has the di-metal, and tri-metal combine.The maximal adsorption capacity of (each g DW) resting sludge was nearly 0.517 mmol Pb2+；0.552 mmolCu2+；g 0.389 mmol Cd2+, whereas, the maximal adsorption capacity of the digested sludge was 0.478 mmolPb2+, 0.43 mmol Cu2+and 0.549 mmol Cd2+.In the absorption system, it was found that, di-metal combine such as (Cu-Cd), (Pb-Cd), and (Cu-Pb), themetal uptake Cu2+≈ 3Cd2+, Pb2+>3 Cd2+, and Cu2+≈ Pb2+respectively. When tri-metal Cu-Cd-Pb combinesthe number of complex formation varies in the following order：Pb2+> Cu2+>Cd2+EPS was extracted by sonication method. humic substance were greater than protein and polysaccharide fordigested sludge, on the contrary, for resting sludge the protein is greater than humic. The ratio PN/PS variesfrom 1.25 to 2.7, the ratio PN/PS highest for resting sludge. Affinity absorption of Cu2+and Pb2+was higherthan Cd2+may be that have the competition metal uptake with functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,amide on the biomass surface of the sludge.The desorption process, HCl was used as the desorption reactant, nearly 98%recovery of Pb2+and Cu2+, andthe recovery efficiency was around 80%for Cd2+.The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use resting sludge and digested sludge as biosorbents, andthe heavy metals were biosorpted can be reused.

摘要： The biosorption of different ions metals (Pb2+Cu2+and Cd2+) on the different types sludge wasinvestigated. Biomass of digested sludge and resting sludge can be easily applied as a cheap bioadsorbent forheavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+and Pb2+. Langmuir model was found to fit the experimental adsorptionand desorption data of the heavy metal on to the biomass of sludge. That has the competition uptake betweenthe difference metal with another when the adsorption system has the di-metal, and tri-metal combine.The maximal adsorption capacity of (each g DW) resting sludge was nearly 0.517 mmol Pb2+；0.552 mmolCu2+；g 0.389 mmol Cd2+, whereas, the maximal adsorption capacity of the digested sludge was 0.478 mmolPb2+, 0.43 mmol Cu2+and 0.549 mmol Cd2+.In the absorption system, it was found that, di-metal combine such as (Cu-Cd), (Pb-Cd), and (Cu-Pb), themetal uptake Cu2+≈ 3Cd2+, Pb2+>3 Cd2+, and Cu2+≈ Pb2+respectively. When tri-metal Cu-Cd-Pb combinesthe number of complex formation varies in the following order：Pb2+> Cu2+>Cd2+EPS was extracted by sonication method. humic substance were greater than protein and polysaccharide fordigested sludge, on the contrary, for resting sludge the protein is greater than humic. The ratio PN/PS variesfrom 1.25 to 2.7, the ratio PN/PS highest for resting sludge. Affinity absorption of Cu2+and Pb2+was higherthan Cd2+may be that have the competition metal uptake with functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,amide on the biomass surface of the sludge.The desorption process, HCl was used as the desorption reactant, nearly 98%recovery of Pb2+and Cu2+, andthe recovery efficiency was around 80%for Cd2+.The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use resting sludge and digested sludge as biosorbents, andthe heavy metals were biosorpted can be reused.

摘要： The biosorption of different ions metals (Pb2+Cu2+and Cd2+) on the different types sludge wasinvestigated. Biomass of digested sludge and resting sludge can be easily applied as a cheap bioadsorbent forheavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+and Pb2+. Langmuir model was found to fit the experimental adsorptionand desorption data of the heavy metal on to the biomass of sludge. That has the competition uptake betweenthe difference metal with another when the adsorption system has the di-metal, and tri-metal combine.The maximal adsorption capacity of (each g DW) resting sludge was nearly 0.517 mmol Pb2+；0.552 mmolCu2+；g 0.389 mmol Cd2+, whereas, the maximal adsorption capacity of the digested sludge was 0.478 mmolPb2+, 0.43 mmol Cu2+and 0.549 mmol Cd2+.In the absorption system, it was found that, di-metal combine such as (Cu-Cd), (Pb-Cd), and (Cu-Pb), themetal uptake Cu2+≈ 3Cd2+, Pb2+>3 Cd2+, and Cu2+≈ Pb2+respectively. When tri-metal Cu-Cd-Pb combinesthe number of complex formation varies in the following order：Pb2+> Cu2+>Cd2+EPS was extracted by sonication method. humic substance were greater than protein and polysaccharide fordigested sludge, on the contrary, for resting sludge the protein is greater than humic. The ratio PN/PS variesfrom 1.25 to 2.7, the ratio PN/PS highest for resting sludge. Affinity absorption of Cu2+and Pb2+was higherthan Cd2+may be that have the competition metal uptake with functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,amide on the biomass surface of the sludge.The desorption process, HCl was used as the desorption reactant, nearly 98%recovery of Pb2+and Cu2+, andthe recovery efficiency was around 80%for Cd2+.The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use resting sludge and digested sludge as biosorbents, andthe heavy metals were biosorpted can be reused.

摘要： The biosorption of different ions metals (Pb2+Cu2+and Cd2+) on the different types sludge wasinvestigated. Biomass of digested sludge and resting sludge can be easily applied as a cheap bioadsorbent forheavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+and Pb2+. Langmuir model was found to fit the experimental adsorptionand desorption data of the heavy metal on to the biomass of sludge. That has the competition uptake betweenthe difference metal with another when the adsorption system has the di-metal, and tri-metal combine.The maximal adsorption capacity of (each g DW) resting sludge was nearly 0.517 mmol Pb2+；0.552 mmolCu2+；g 0.389 mmol Cd2+, whereas, the maximal adsorption capacity of the digested sludge was 0.478 mmolPb2+, 0.43 mmol Cu2+and 0.549 mmol Cd2+.In the absorption system, it was found that, di-metal combine such as (Cu-Cd), (Pb-Cd), and (Cu-Pb), themetal uptake Cu2+≈ 3Cd2+, Pb2+>3 Cd2+, and Cu2+≈ Pb2+respectively. When tri-metal Cu-Cd-Pb combinesthe number of complex formation varies in the following order：Pb2+> Cu2+>Cd2+EPS was extracted by sonication method. humic substance were greater than protein and polysaccharide fordigested sludge, on the contrary, for resting sludge the protein is greater than humic. The ratio PN/PS variesfrom 1.25 to 2.7, the ratio PN/PS highest for resting sludge. Affinity absorption of Cu2+and Pb2+was higherthan Cd2+may be that have the competition metal uptake with functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,amide on the biomass surface of the sludge.The desorption process, HCl was used as the desorption reactant, nearly 98%recovery of Pb2+and Cu2+, andthe recovery efficiency was around 80%for Cd2+.The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use resting sludge and digested sludge as biosorbents, andthe heavy metals were biosorpted can be reused.

摘要： The biosorption of different ions metals (Pb2+Cu2+and Cd2+) on the different types sludge wasinvestigated. Biomass of digested sludge and resting sludge can be easily applied as a cheap bioadsorbent forheavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+and Pb2+. Langmuir model was found to fit the experimental adsorptionand desorption data of the heavy metal on to the biomass of sludge. That has the competition uptake betweenthe difference metal with another when the adsorption system has the di-metal, and tri-metal combine.The maximal adsorption capacity of (each g DW) resting sludge was nearly 0.517 mmol Pb2+；0.552 mmolCu2+；g 0.389 mmol Cd2+, whereas, the maximal adsorption capacity of the digested sludge was 0.478 mmolPb2+, 0.43 mmol Cu2+and 0.549 mmol Cd2+.In the absorption system, it was found that, di-metal combine such as (Cu-Cd), (Pb-Cd), and (Cu-Pb), themetal uptake Cu2+≈ 3Cd2+, Pb2+>3 Cd2+, and Cu2+≈ Pb2+respectively. When tri-metal Cu-Cd-Pb combinesthe number of complex formation varies in the following order：Pb2+> Cu2+>Cd2+EPS was extracted by sonication method. humic substance were greater than protein and polysaccharide fordigested sludge, on the contrary, for resting sludge the protein is greater than humic. The ratio PN/PS variesfrom 1.25 to 2.7, the ratio PN/PS highest for resting sludge. Affinity absorption of Cu2+and Pb2+was higherthan Cd2+may be that have the competition metal uptake with functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,amide on the biomass surface of the sludge.The desorption process, HCl was used as the desorption reactant, nearly 98%recovery of Pb2+and Cu2+, andthe recovery efficiency was around 80%for Cd2+.The results obtained indicate that it is possible to use resting sludge and digested sludge as biosorbents, andthe heavy metals were biosorpted can be reused.

摘要： 本发明提供了一种exposed lead从顶部引出的QFN/LGA的封装结构及其制造方法，其中，封装结构包括内核、散热片和铜柱，所述铜柱与内核电连接，所述散热片位于QFN/LGA的封装后的底部且与内核贴合，所述铜柱由与内核电连接处延伸至QFN/LGA的封装后的顶部。制造方法包括：在QFN/LGA的散热片周边间隔布置铜柱，且铜柱向散热片外侧暴露面的相反方向延伸第一距离；将内核贴合在散热片的内侧；将内核与铜柱进行电连接；将散热片、内核和铜柱封装成一体；进行抛光处理，使得散热片与铜柱分别暴露在QFN/LGA封装后的底部和顶部。本发明的散热片与exposed lead不在同一面，可以原将PCB板的散热片区域节省下来，使PCB板小型化和集成化程度更高，让PCB板在大小不变的情况下实现更多的功能。