cardiovascular disease

摘要： Excessive alcohol consumption(≥15 drinks per week)causes chronic diseases and multiple other health conditions.Nevertheless,alcohol beverages have been used as a vital medicine ingredient in various cultures since ancient times.A wealth of epidemiological and experimental research has shown that light-moderate alcohol consumption,regardless of beverage type,is associated with reducing cardiovascular incidence and mortality rate.Due to the disparities in raw materials,fermentation techniques,production environment,etc.,alcoholic beverages tend to possess different non-ethanol component profiles,thus resulting in varying degrees of health effects.Furthermore,bioactive compounds in alcohol are continuously discovered as well as the mechanisms underlying their cardioprotective contributions at a molecular level.This article elucidates the epidemiology of moderate alcohol consumption and various cardiovascular conditions,along with the limitations and controversies of current studies.In addition,protective effects and putative mechanisms of both ethanol and non-ethanol components of wine,beer,and Chinese Baijiu,the three most representative alcoholic beverages worldwide,are to be evaluated within the context of a rational drinking pattern.

摘要： Kidney disease(KD)is characterized by the presence of elevated oxidative stress,and this is postulated as contributing to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these individuals.Chronic KD(CKD)is related to high grade inflammatory condition and pro-oxidative state that aggravates the progression of the disease by damaging primary podocytes.Liposoluble vitamins(vitamin A and E)are potent dietary antioxidants that have also anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic functions.Vitamin deficits in CKD patients are a common issue,and multiple causes are related to them:Anorexia,dietary restrictions,food cooking methods,dialysis losses,gastrointestinal malabsorption,etc.The potential benefit of retinoic acid(RA)and α-tocopherol have been described in animal models and in some human clinical trials.This review provides an overview of RA andαtocopherol in KD.

摘要： Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collected from baseline(2010)and three waves of follow-up(2012-2017)investigations of the China Family Panel Studies.Cox frailty models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to assess the longitudinal effects of daytime napping on CVD and HTN.Results Compared with non-nappers,30+min nappers had higher risks of CVD and HTN,while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Incident risks among 30-to<60-min nappers increased by 22%[hazard ratio(HR)1.22,95% confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.39]for CVD and 21%(1.21,1.04-1.41)for HTN,respectively,with corresponding HRs of CVD and HTN of 1.27(1.09-1.47)and 1.38(1.16-1.65)among≥60 min nappers.Nap-associated CVD risks varied by subgroups,with stronger associations in participants with lower body mass index(<24 kg/m^(2)),physically inactive persons,smokers,and participants with longer nighttime sleep(≥7 h/night).Significant effects of daytime napping were observed on rural and northern residents only,highlighting great regional variations in CVD risks associated with napping habits.Conclusions This cohort study revealed strong evidence that long daytime napping(≥30 min)is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events.

摘要： This is an essay focused on discussing parts of the current state of knowledge and research in the field of Omega 3, Inflammation and cardiovascular diseases prevention. For a long time, Omega 3 has been considered a health-promoting and beneficial substance for well-being and longevity. New studies have shed new light on the role of omega 3 in cardiovascular diseases prevention and anti-inflammatory effects.

摘要： BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)have been shown to be the greatest cause of death worldwide and rates continue to increase.It is recommended that CVD patients attend cardiac rehabilitation(CR)following a cardiac event to reduce mortality,improve recovery and positively influence behaviour around CVD risk factors.Despite the recognised benefits and international recommendations for exercisebased CR,uptake and attendance remain suboptimal.A greater understanding of CR barriers and facilitators is required,not least to inform service development.Through understanding current cardiac patients’attitudes and opinions around CR and physical activity(PA)could inform patient-led improvements.Moreover,through understanding aspects of CR and PA that participants like/dislike could provide healthcare providers and policy makers with information around what elements to target in the future.AIM To investigate participants’attitudes and opinions around CR and PA.METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional survey design on 567 cardiac patients.Cardiac patients who were referred for standard CR classes at a hospital in the Scottish Highlands,from May 2016 to May 2017 were sampled.As part of a larger survey,the current study analysed the free-text responses to 5 open-ended questions included within the wider survey.Questions were related to the participants’experience of CR,reasons for non-attendance,ideas to increase attendance and their opinions on PA.Qualitative data were analysed using a 6-step,reflexive thematic analysis.RESULTS Two main topic areas were explored:“Cardiac rehabilitation experience”and“physical activity”.Self-efficacy was increased as a result of attending CR due to exercising with similar individuals and the safe environment offered.Barriers ranged from age and health to distance and starting times of the classes which increased travel time and costs.Moreover,responses demonstrated a lack of information and communication around the classes.Respondents highlighted that the provision of more classes and classes being held out with working hours,in addition to a greater variety would increase attendance.In terms of PA,respondents viewed this as different to the CR experience.Responses demonstrated increased freedom when conducting PA with regards to the location,time and type of exercise conducted.CONCLUSION Changes to the structure of CR may prove important in creating long term behaviour change after completing the rehabilitation programme.

摘要： Background: Japanese women’s body mass index (BMI) was known to be the lowest among people in OECD countries. We wanted to compare foods intakes and relationships between intakes of particular food species and BMI. Methods: We asked young and middle-aged women to participate and used a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) to know the amounts of various food species they took. Results: Weights and BMI of young and middle-aged women were not different. Middle-aged women took almost all species of foods and energy more than young women. Except for cholesterol of soluble dietary fibers, there was no correlation between foods intakes and BMI. Conclusion: Both young and middle-aged Japanese women are lean (BMI;around 22). Middle-aged women took more energy, and proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids compared with young women. Middle-aged women spend more energy on house workings than young women in Japan.

摘要： As a major medical and scientific problem perplexing mankind,cardiovascular disease seriously endangers human health and life safety,which is still the primary cause of death.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)plays an irreplaceable role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and has its own characteristics and definite advantages.However,the unclear mechanism hinders its further promotion,which is not conducive to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Translational medicine advocates interdisciplinary integration and cooperation between academic groups,to establish effective interaction between basic research and clinical application,lead more medical research to focus on the prevention and treatment of clinical diseases,as well as to accelerate the transformation from“discovery”to“realization”,and finally to benefit patients,that is,“from clinic and serve clinic”.This provides a reference mode for the development and research direction of TCM,which comes from clinical practice originally.Based on this,considering the important role of angiogenesis in the occurrence and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases,under the guidance of the concept of translational medicine,this manuscript sorts out the overview of TCM treatment on angiogenesis related cardiovascular diseases from four aspects:theoretical basis,pathogenesis and pathology,applied prescriptions and material basis,in order to summarize the translational medicine experience of TCM prevention and treatment from clinical practice to modern research,to provide a basis for basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

摘要： We aimed to test a hypothesis that elevated ambient particulate matter (PM) 2.5 concentrations are significantly associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults aged 65 and older. We analyzed data (2010-2013) from U.S. 1118 counties to examine the association between PM2.5 concentrations and risk of prevalent CHD, stroke, and DM, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), CHD, stroke, and DM in adults aged ≥ 65. Multilevel regression analysis technique was applied to test these associations. The results show that the annual mean of PM2.5 concentration was 8.7 μg/m3 in the total study sample. Significant differences in mean PM2.5 concentrations were observed across counties and states in the U.S. Multilevel regression analysis indicates that an average annual concentration of 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of CHD, stroke, and DM by 4.9‰ (95% CI: 3.1‰ - 6.7‰), 0.8‰ (0.5‰ - 1.1‰), and 3.3‰ (2.9‰ - 4.4‰), respectively. State-level correlation analyses indicate that increased PM2.5 concentrations were significantly associated with increased age-adjusted mortality from CVD (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), CHD (r = 0.0.40, p = 0.004), stroke (r = 0.60, p p = 0.02). In conclusion, Elevated PM2.5 concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of the prevalence and mortality from CVD, CHD, stroke, and DM. Continued effort to control ambient PM2.5 concentrations could play an important role in risk reduction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the elderly.

摘要： BACKGROUND While extensive information exists relating cigarette smoking to the risk of lung cancer,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),ischaemic heart disease(IHD)or acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and stroke,far less information is available on risks from moist snuff(“snus”)or smokeless tobacco(ST)in United States/Canada,Europe or Japan.AIM To summarize data from the selected countries on risks of the four diseases associated with current ST or snus use.METHODS Publications in English in 1990-2020 were considered that,based on epidemiological studies in North America,Europe or Japan,estimated risks of lung cancer,COPD,IHD/AMI,or stroke according to use of ST or snus.The studies should involve at least 100 cases of the disease considered,and not be restricted to those with specific other diseases.Medline literature searches were conducted,selecting papers initially from examination of titles and abstracts,and then from full texts.Further papers were sought from reference lists in selected papers,reviews and meta-analyses.For each disease,relative risk estimates adjusted at least for age were extracted relating ST or snus use to risk,and combined using random-effects meta-analysis.The estimates were mainly for current vs.never or non-current use,but results for ever vs never use were also considered.RESULTS Seven publications reported results for ST use from six United States studies.The most useful results came from four studies which provided results for current vs.never use.Random-effects meta-analyses of these results showed an increased risk for each disease,clearest for lung cancer(relative risk 1.59,95%confidence interval 1.06-2.39,based on 4 estimates)and COPD(1.57,1.09-2.26,n=3),but also significant(at P<0.05)for IHD(1.26,1.10-1.45,n=4)and stroke(1.27,1.03-1.57,n=4).Also including results for ever vs.never use from two other studies increased the lung cancer estimate to 1.80(1.23-2.64,n=6),but had little effect on the other estimates.For snus,16 publications described results from 12 studies,one in Norway and the rest in Sweden.There were no results for COPD,and only three for lung cancer,with these reporting a relative risk of 0.80(0.40-1.30)for current vs never use.More extensive data were available for IHD/AMI and stroke.Using the latest results from each study,combined estimates for current vs.never use were 1.00(0.91-1.11,n=5)for IHD/AMI and 1.05(0.95-1.17,n=2)for stroke,while for current vs.non-current use they were 1.10(0.92-1.33,n=9)for IHD/AMI and 1.12(0.86-1.45,n=9)for stroke.Meta-analyses including earlier results from some studies also showed no significant association between snus use and IHD/AMI or stroke.No relevant results were found for Japan.CONCLUSION Risks of smoking-related diseases from snus use in Scandinavia are not demonstrated,while those from ST use in the United States are less than from smoking.

摘要： Metabolisc-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a multi-system disease in which cardiovascular disease plays an important role and is considered the main cause of death.Notably,cardiovascular disease events in young patients with MAFLD have attracted extensive attention.This article reviews the research progress on the correlation between MAFLD and cardiovascular disease.