environment

摘要： The secoisolariciresinol diglycoside(SDG)lignan of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)is influenced by genotype,environment and the interaction of genotype×environment.This field study was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype and environment on the SDG lignan content,six genotypes(Longya 8,Zhangya 2,Linxiabai,Shandanbai,Gaolanbai,and DYMS)were sown under eight locations(Hohhot,Datong,Minle,Yili,Shuangta,Jingtai,Guyuan,and Zhangjiakou)in 2014 and 2015 in China.The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications.Results showed that Longya 8 had the highest SDG lignan content(7.27mg/g)and Shandanbai had the lowest(4.71 mg/g)across 16 environments.The SDG lignan content ranged from 4.70 mg/g at Datong to 7.74 mg/g at Minle Research Station.In the present study,the results indicated that differences among genotypes in SDG lignan content accounted for 51.38%variation of the total variation and environments accounted for 44.40%variation of the total variation.Moreover,we found that the altitude had a positive effect on SDG lignan content of flaxseed,presumably owing to differences in temperature,humidity,sunshine time,etc.These results indicated that the SDG lignan content was genetically controlled,and was also to be influenced by environmental conditions,especially altitude.

摘要： The limited character of minerals must be recognized in the development of mining activities, as well as the necessity to form bonds that allow mining advantages to be enjoyed long after natural resources have been consumed. Because mining activities have the potential to affect a wide variety of environmental entities and are of interest to a large range of stakeholder groups, the sector has a lot of room to improve its sustainability. According to studies, the economic advantages of copper mining operations in Zambia are not allocated equally among stakeholders in the process of granting mining rights to potential investors. This paper examines how the existing system of granting mining rights in Zambia impacts the distribution of economic gains among copper mining project stakeholders.

摘要： A programme effort for SRI impact assessment has been undertaken in 20 project villages in the Narayanpet block. The villages have been pooled under four clusters, for which quantitative and qualitative analyses have been carried out on water usage, input cost, plant growth, farmer group collectivization, gross and net returns of SRI, and conventional paddy cultivation. The result shows that significant water saving was achieved for SRI, i.e., 8586 m3∙ha−1 under tubewell irrigation over conventional. This approximation has served as an auxiliary to the number of pumping hours and number of irrigation days that have been reduced for SRI. Less utilisation of water and distance maintained in SRI has benefited in reducing the biotic and abiotic stress caused by snails and nutrient deprivation, respectively. The total yield for a sampled number of SRI farmers has been found to have a 22% increase for the total expenditure difference of Rs. 6153, i.e., 13% less than conventional paddy farmers, which highly impacts the SRI farmers’ net income, i.e., 69% more than the conventional returns. The SRI method has a lower labour deployment of 8 people/ha than the conventional method, which requires 16 people/ha with a constant price of Rs 250/person. Input cost saving in these two categories has ranked top and has fetched maximum production efficiency among the others. The seed cost at a fixed price of 32 Rs/kg was significantly (87%) reduced for SRI as 8 kg per ha was required rather than the conventional that required 62 kg/ha. Social benefits were listed based on the qualitative analysis and were transformed using the theory of planned behaviour.

摘要： The poor state of the environment,especially in urban areas,has become a major global issue,with developing countries such as Nigeria voicing growing concern.There is a scarcity of knowledge on the environmental impact of PFSs as a result of the loss of life and property,as well as other serious socio-economic implications of non-compliance with PFSs siting criteria.The historical literature on the impact of residential buildings,the environment,and human health on PFSs in Nigeria,as well as the study’s gap,is examined in this research.It also outlines DPR compliance with PFSs location as well as established criteria for prohibiting PFS siting in Nigeria’s states.Relevant publications on PFSs-related topics were downloaded from Google Scholar.The goal of this study is to look back on a previous essay about PFSs in Nigeria and its impacts on the environment and human health.This study’s main purpose is to give a complete overview of Nigerian PFSs.According to the article analyzed,the majority of PFSs were located close to residents,with setbacks from the road and residential areas of less than 30 m in 90%of the filling stations.As a result,the landowners can band together to argue that a facility that is improperly sited cannot be built.A great deal of public participation is required.A campaign should be launched to raise awareness among filling station owners and other developers of the dangers of non-compliance with established norms.All violators of the established norms,as well as corrupt officials of enforcement agencies/bodies,should face open punishment so that others might learn their lessons.Finally,appropriate planning is required to allow future road expansion.

摘要： The present article is a review study on the types of rare earth elements(REEs),environmental and biological effects as well as the sources of emission of these elements as pollution in nature.The purpose of this study is to provide a vision in environmental planning and control of pollution caused by REEs.The evaluation of rare earth elements was studied in human life and its environmental and biological effects,which have particular importance and are entering the life cycle through industrial and mining pollution sources.Since mining activities intensify the dispersion of these elements in the environment and the existence of industrial factories located around urban drainage system plays a unique role in creating and spreading pollution caused by rare earth elements;As a result,two case studies were conducted on two mining and industrial areas.The first case is the Choghart mine in Yazd province as an example of mining pollution,and the second case study is performed on the Kor river as an example of industrial pollution which is caused by industrial activities around it,Then the results are well explained to show both two environments of litho and hydro.Due to this fact that produced environmental pollution can cause exchange pollutant compounds with the surrounding environment besides its long-lasting destructive effects;It can cause irreversible biological effects on living organisms.By targeting this evaluation,several techniques can be proposed to prevent the entry and dispersal of rare earth elements from pollution sources besides methods to reduce the damage of these elements to the ecosystem.

摘要： In the world at large, while agricultural yields are increasing with constant land area, in Sub-Saharan Africa, more land is needed to increase production. In this region of Africa, agriculture therefore remains essentially extensive and contributes to environmental degradation, especially deforestation. Thus, the objective of this research is to assess and compare the quantities of greenhouse gases produced by multiple and mono-specific cropping systems. To this end, the quantity of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by several cropping systems installed on an experimental farm in Kpotomey in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi (Benin) was estimated. The estimation of GHG quantities was made on the basis of IPCC work and data from the experiments carried out. Comparisons were made between mono-specific crops and multiple crops. The results show that the quantities of GHG emitted per ton of production are more or less identical and vary on average from 0.6 to 0.11 teqCO2. However, the advantage of multiple cropping systems is that they reduce the clearing of new land and thus avoid about 31.5 tons of CO2 if the plant formation to be replaced was a forest. Multiple cropping with moderate fertilization in the presence of organic matter increases production while preserving the environment.

摘要： Introduction: Environmental compensation is a legal-administrative instrument used by agencies that supervise the environmental impact assessment (EIA) to offset irreversible impacts generated by development projects. The compensation is usually framed in the principle of ecological equivalence, which seeks to equate the losses due to the impact with a net environmental gain obtained by the compensatory actions. Methods: We analyzed the records of development projects that have merited an environmental compensation plan registered by the National Environmental Technical Secretariat of Costa Rica (SETENA) between January 2018 and June 2020. Results: Seventy-four projects were analyzed;just over 75% of them corresponded to infrastructure projects while the rest concerned exploitation activities of materials and resources. The main impacts that elicited compensation plans were: deforestation and destruction of riverbanks (13%), earthworks (15.5%), poor water management (15.5%), and administrative faults or non-compliance with environmental commitments (62%). The main compensatory measures conducted were: building school infrastructure (20% of the projects), support for environmental education programs (17%), and reforestation programs (>15%), although actions such as the purchase of school supplies, donation of equipment to local communities and the arrangement of roads and causeways were also recorded. In only three projects, the replacement of the impacted habitat was used as compensation for projected damage. Discussion: The registered compensatory measures do not endorse the spirit of return on components equivalent to those impacted that generate a net environmental gain and respond only to impacts that had not been considered during the preliminary evaluation of the project. The compensation plan used in Costa Rica is a sanctioning instrument based on economic valuation and does not guarantee a return equivalent to environmental losses. Therefore, compensation must be integrated in the preliminary evaluations of the projects, identifying these measures in the early stages and separating them from administrative faults.

摘要： Seedling vigor in tomato and paprika is affected by variety. Genotype selection under environmental stresses and its effects on seedling vigor was investigated. During the year 2021, the study was carried out and it revealed an appropriate selection for open field gardeners. The selection of two drought-tolerant, and one non-drought tolerant cultivars was the initial stage. Six commercial genotypes were evaluated (three for tomato and three for paprika). The second phase involved planting cultivars till the cotyledon leaves phase, and the first set of true leaves. Seedlings were investigated under simulated environmental stresses of non-ideal temperatures, low humidity, closed spacing, minimum light dose, nutrient-deficient water, and spraying a lower dosage of salicylic acid. The evaluation of seedling’s growth was performed by measuring germination percentage, seedling length, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and seedling vigor index. Tomato (Mobil) and paprika (Carma) seedlings outperform other varieties, possibly because of the variety’s vigor under various stress conditions. These findings reveal that tomato (Mobil) and paprika (Carma) had a positive impact on development and may be raised under optimal conditions of nurseries and then be transferred to open-air environmental and biological exposed conditions in Hungary.

摘要： Mesoporous transition metal oxide catalysts are well-used in the elimination of volatile organic compounds.In this study,we developed an efficient method for the preparation of mesoporous-Mn_(3)O_(4)(mMn_(3)O_(4))without the use of templates or surfactants.In this method,KCl protects oxygen defects on the surface of fresh Mn_(3)O_(4) crystallites.m-Mn_(3)O_(4) shows higher ameliorative catalytic activity than bulk-Mn_(3)O_(4)(b-Mn_(3)O_(4)) and calcined-Mn_(3)O_(4)(c-Mn_(3)O_(4)),achieving toluene catalytic oxidation of T_(10) and T_(90)(the temperature at a conversion rate of about 10%and 90%)at 191°Cand 230°C,respectively(WHSV=40,000 ml·g^(-1)·h^(-1)).Based on various characterizations,the prepared m-Mn_(3)O_(4)has large specific surface area and abundant oxygen defects,and thus can provide more surface active sites,which give it superior toluene combustion activity.

摘要： Zambia’s economy is fueled by copper production, which is one of the country’s most important industries. In terms of copper output, Zambia has around five large open-pit mines and eight significant underground mines. Zambia’s Government owns a stake in some of these businesses. This article examines the economic, social, technological, and environmental ramifications of copper mining in the Copperbelt area of Zambia.