摘要：
[目的]量化分析东北鼢鼠的挖掘活动规律、爪趾几何结构特征以及爪趾内外轮廓线特征.[方法]以东北鼢鼠为研究对象,观察和分析了东北鼢鼠爪趾的几何结构特征;对东北鼢鼠的挖掘活动进行观察;利用MATLAB软件的数字图像处理功能提取前爪中间趾边缘特征图像,并对边缘轮廓进行了曲线拟合,得到了内外轮廓拟合曲线方程,并对曲线的曲率进行了计算.[结果]试验表明,东北鼢鼠前爪爪趾粗壮,尖而利,前端呈楔形,利于挖掘;东北鼢鼠的挖掘过程可以分为掘土、踢土、推土、食物或障碍处理、修补洞道等;前爪第三趾外轮廓曲率变化较小,表面光滑平顺,减少挖掘阻力,保证了挖掘的洞道表面平整;内轮廓曲线曲率变化较大,利于爪趾入土,在掘土过程中土壤易于沿爪趾表面翻转滑落.根据前爪中间趾内轮廓曲线设计了一种具有仿生结构的苗间除草铲,仿真结果显示仿生除草铲能在除草过程中承受更大的力.[结论]研究可为后续土壤挖掘和切削工具的仿生设计提供技术参考.%[Objective]To analyze the mining activity, myospalaxpsilurus geometric characteristics of claw and contour feature.[Method]The zokor (Myospalax psilurus) was chosen as the research object.The geometric characteristic of middle toe of fore claw of zokor was examined by stereo microscopy.The burrowing activities of zokor were observed using HD camera.The edge feature of middle toe was extracted using digital image-processing functions in MATLAB software,the equations of edge contour curves were obtained and,then,the curvature of the curves was calculated.[Result]The results showed that the fore claws which are sickle-shaped,are bigger and thicker than hind claws,especially the third toe is the biggest and thickest;the burrowing process of zokor included digging,kicking soil,bulldozing,food or obstacles processing,repairing the hole,etc.The change of curvature of the upper contour curves of the middle toe is smaller and its surface is smooth,which assure smooth of surface of the inside surfaces of the hole burrowed by zokor.The change of curvature of the lower contour curves of the middle toe is larger,which facili-tate excavating soil and make the soil slide easier during the process of digging.A biometric weeding-shovel and which used in intra-row weeding machine was designed based on the curve equation of the lower contour of middle toe,and the simulation result showed that the bionic weeding-shovel can withstand greater force than normal weeding-shovel.[Conclusion]The study can provide a technical reference for the bionic design of the following soil mining and cutting tools.
