摘要：
Objective To investigate and analyze the snoring disease incidence,moderate and severe snoring disease incidence rate,the risk factors and their relationship to daytime lethargy in civil flying personnel.Methods The cluster sampling method was chosen.A questionnaire survey was conducted for 1 400 civil flying personnel.Items of questionnaire included general information (personal name,gender,age,education),physiological parameters (height,weight,neck circumference,waist circumference and blood pressure),smoking and drinking history,chronic disease history,family history of snoring,cognition of snoring,snoring severity score,Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) scale as well as sleep related flight data (flight course,type of aircraft,flying jet lag,total flying hours and flying hours per year),and calculated body mass index.The effective questionnaires were statistically analyzed,and the prevalence of snoring and the prevalence of moderate and severe snoring were calculated.The risk factors associated with snoring were screened.The snoring degree was assessed according to Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (2011 Revision).According to the degree of snoring,the patients were divided into non snoring group,mild snoring group and moderate or severe snoring group.The score of ESS in different snoring groups was compared.Results Totally 1 356 questionnaires were collected and 1 227 questionnaires were valid.The valid rate of the questionnaire was 90.5％.Subjects included 1 206 male flying personnel and 21 female flying personnel.The snoring prevalence rate of male flying personnel was 60.0％ (723/1 206)and the moderate or severe snoring prevalence rate of male flying personnel was 14.8％(179/1 206).No snoring was found in female flying personnel.For the male flying personnel older than 30 years old,the snoring prevalence rate was 64.5 ％ (402/623),and the moderate or severe snoring prevalence rate was 19.4％oo (121/623).The prevalences of snoring and moderate or severe snoring increased with age and BMI(x2 =19.714-38.964,P＜0.01).Prevalences of snoring and moderate or severe snoring increased with the increase of smoking and alcohol consumption (x2 =15.969-58.919,P ＜ 0.01).Age,BMI,neck circumference,waist circumference,smoking and drinking habits and family history were the risk factors of snoring.For flight factors the jet lag was the risk factor of snoring.The significant differences of daytime ESS score between non snoring group and snoring groups were found(F=6.126,P＜0.01).Conclusions The snoring prevalence of male civil flying personnel is related to age,BMI,neck circumference,waist circumference,smoking and drinking habits,family history and flight jet lag.The severer snoring the higher ESS score obtained.It should be highly regarded.%目的 调查和分析民航飞行人员鼾症发病率、中重度鼾症发病率、危险因素以及和日间嗜睡的关系. 方法 采用整群抽样调查法,对1 400名民航飞行人员进行问卷调查,内容包括个人一般资料(姓名、性别、年龄、文化程度等)、生理参数(身高、体重、颈围、腰围及血压等)、吸烟饮酒史、慢性疾病史、家族史、对打鼾的认知度、鼾声评分、Epworth嗜睡评分量表(Epworth sleepiness scales,ESS),以及与睡眠有关的飞行资料(航线、机型、飞行时差、总飞行小时数、年飞行小时数等),计算BMI.对其中有效问卷进行统计学分析,计算鼾症患病率及中重度鼾症患病率,筛查与鼾症相关的危险因素.按鼾症程度分为非鼾症组、轻度组和中重度组3组,比较不同程度鼾症组ESS值. 结果 回收问卷1356份,有效问卷1 227份,问卷有效率90.5％.其中男性飞行人员1 206人,女性飞行人员21人.男性飞行人员鼾症患病率60.0％(723/1 206),中重度鼾症患病率14.8％(179/1 206).女性均不打鼾.30岁以上男性飞行人员鼾症患病率64.5％(402/623),中重度鼾症患病率19.4％(121/623).随年龄和BMI增加鼾症患病率和中重度鼾症患病率增加(x2=19.714～38.964,P＜0.01).随吸烟和饮酒量的增加鼾症患病率和中重度鼾症患病率增加(x2=15.969～58.919,P＜0.01).年龄、BMI、颈围、腰围、吸烟、饮酒和鼾症家族史是鼾症的危险因素;飞行因素中飞行时差是鼾症的危险因素.非鼾症组及不同程度鼾症组之间日间嗜睡评分的差异具有统计学意义(F=6.126,P＜0.01). 结论 民航男性飞行员鼾症发病与年龄、BMI、颈围、腰围、吸烟、饮酒、家族史及飞行时差有关.随打鼾程度加重日间嗜睡评分增加,应予高度重视.
