摘要:
Objective To find out the clinical indicators related to prognosis in patients with acute mushroom poisoning, and approach its correlation with prognosis. Methods Clinical data of patients with mushroom poisoning admitted to the First Hospital of China Medical University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Xiuyan Central People's Hospital, and Fushun Central Hospital from August 2015 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The biochemical indicators within 24 hours after admission, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, whether plasmapheresis (PE) was carried out or not and 28-day prognosis of patients were collected. According to prognosis, the patients were divided into death group and survival group, and the differences in above parameters between the two groups were compared. Spearman or Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between MELD score and prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the prognostic value of MELD score for prognosis. Further analysis of the patients receiving PE treatment was conducted. Results A total of four Liaoning hospitals with 89 patients with mushroom poisoning were enrolled, with 6 died within 28 days, and 83 survived. There were 17 patients with severely impaired liver and coagulant functions accepted PE treatment, with 6 patients died within 28 days, and 11 survived. ① In 89 patients, compared with survival group, MELD score, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), total bilirubin (TBil), international normalized ratio (INR), blood glucose (Glu), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in death group were significantly increased [MELD score: 32.34 (28.31, 41.06) vs. 8.76 (3.77, 21.19), PT (s): 53.5 (52.4, 113.2) vs. 14.5 (13.8, 19.5), APTT (s): 58.6 (48.9, 70.8) vs. 36.9 (34.4, 43.2), TBil (μmol/L): 134.8 (31.3, 155.6) vs. 21.5 (15.1, 41.4), INR: 6.0 (5.6, 14.7) vs. 1.2 (1.1, 1.5), Glu (mmol/L): 9.2 (9.0, 11.0) vs. 6.6 (5.7, 7.8), ALT (U/L):5 923.0 (1 105.0, 6 000.0) vs. 35.0 (18.0, 1 767.0), GGT (U/L): 49.0 (32.0, 57.0) vs. 25.0 (16.0, 41.0), all P 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the MELD score in patients with mushroom poisoning who accepted PE treatment was positively correlated with 28-day mortality (r = 0.355, P = 0.001), but no correlation with SOFA score was found (r = 0.427, P = 0.087). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of MELD score in the prediction of mushroom poisoning patients undergoing PE treatment was 0.545; when the cut-off value was 32.19, the sensitivity was 33.3%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions In mushroom poisoning patients, especially those undergoing PE treatment, the higher the MELD score, the higher the mortality is. MELD score could assess the prognosis of patients with acute mushroom poisoning.%目的 探讨与急性毒蕈中毒患者预后相关的临床指标及其与预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析2015年8月至2017年8月中国医科大学附属第一医院、沈阳市第九人民医院、岫岩满族自治县中心人民医院、抚顺市中心医院收治的毒蕈中毒患者的临床资料.收集患者入院24 h内血生化指标、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分、是否行血浆置换(PE)及28 d预后.根据预后将患者分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组间各指标的差异;采用Spearman或Pearson相关法分析MELD评分与预后指标的相关性,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析MELD评分对预后的预测价值;并对其中接受PE治疗的患者进一步分析.结果 共纳入辽沈地区4家医院89例毒蕈中毒患者,28 d死亡6例、存活83例;其中17例严重肝功能损伤、凝血障碍患者接受了PE治疗,28 d死亡6例、存活11例.① 在89例患者中:与存活组比较,死亡组MELD评分、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、总胆红素(TBil)、国际标准化比值(INR)、血糖(Glu)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)明显升高〔MELD评分(分):32.34(28.31,41.06)比8.76(3.77, 21.19),PT(s):53.5(52.4,113.2)比14.5(13.8,19.5),APTT(s):58.6(48.9,70.8)比36.9(34.4,43.2),TBil(μmol/L):134.8(31.3,155.6)比21.5(15.1,41.4),INR:6.0(5.6,14.7)比1.2(1.1,1.5),Glu(mmol/L):9.2(9.0,11.0)比6.6 (5.7,7.8),ALT(U/L):5923.0(1105.0,6000.0)比35.0(18.0,1767.0),GGT(U/L):49.0(32.0,57.0)比25.0(16.0, 41.0),均P0.05).相关分析显示,进行PE治疗的毒蕈中毒患者MELD评分与28 d病死率呈显著正相关(r=0.355,P=0.001),而与SOFA评分无相关性(r=0.427, P=0.087).ROC曲线分析显示,MELD评分预测进行PE治疗的毒蕈中毒患者预后的AUC为0.545;当截断值为32.19分时,敏感度为33.3%,特异度为100%.结论 毒蕈中毒患者,特别是接受PE治疗的患者,MELD评分越高,预后越差;MELD评分可用于评估急性毒蕈中毒患者的预后.