EXPLORING ENTAILMENTS IN EFL LEARNERS’ WRITING: A SEMANTICSudPERSPECTIVE

摘要

Widia Atmaja. 14111320134. ExploringEntailments in EFL Learners’ Writing: A SemanticsudPerspective.udIn the educational world, writing proficiency becomes measurement for the learner’sudknowledge.When the writer or student tries to restate in their own word they need to learn aboutudparaphrasing. A sentence which expresses the same proposition as another sentence is a paraphraseudof that sentence (assuming the same referents for any referring expressions involved). Paraphrase isudto sentences (on individual interpretations) as synonymy is to predicates (though some semanticistsudtalk loosely of synonymy in the case of sentences as well. On the other hand paraphrasing has audtight relation with entailments in semantics field. That is, two sentences may be said to beudparaphrases of each other if and only if they have exactly the same set of entailments; or, whichudcomes to the same thing, if and only if they mutually entail each other so that whenever one is trueudthe other must also be true. The researcher found some students fail when do paraphrasing. Theudaims of this reseach is to know how the EFL learners use entailments in their writing and criteriaudthat shows the extent quality of entailments complies with a good paraphrase with semanticsudperspective.udTechnique and data collection procedure conducted by elicitation. This reasearch will usedudSurvey Based Research. The researcher follows the step of collecting data research of Susan M.udGass and Alison Mackey.Data collection is by using questionnaire and interview. Theudquestionnaire was gave to the 20 high achiever learners in writing class. This research was in theudsentence level. The total questions of questionnaire are 10 sentences and the learner asked toudparaphrase the sentences. 10 respondents also interviewed.udThe result of this analysis shows that there are different strategy in learners paraphrasingudwriting. Those eight strategies are available on Open Journal of Modern Linguistics compiled byudVilla, Marti, & Rodriguez, Paraphrase Grammar bySmaby, R., and An Introduction to EnglishudSemantics and Pragmatics by Pattrick Griffiths. The types of paraphrasing strategy are Change ofudOrder, Additional/ Deletation, Synonym Substitution, Passive Transformation, Direct/ IndirectudStyle Alternation, Complementary, Derivational Substitution, Hyponym Hierarchy Substitution,udand Change of Format. In total 200 target sentences from 20 respondents were taken fromudquestionnaire, 58 sentences used Change of Order, 35 sentences were paraphrased withudAdditional/ Deletation, 30 sentences used Synonym Substitution, 17 sentences used PassiveudTransformation, 5 sentences used Direct/Indirect Style Alternation, 3 sentences usedudComplementary Substitution, 1 sentences used Derivational Change, 2 sentences used HyponymudixudHierarchy Substitution, and 1 sentences used Change of Format and the other target sentences (49udsentences) are includes in not a paraphrase classification.There are four criterias that shows theudextent quality of entailment complies with a good paraphrase by respondents, they areudaccuratecomplete, written in their own voice, and make a sense in theirparaphrasing. On theudresearcher research, in total 200 sentences from 20 respondents were taken from the questionnaire.ud151 sentences counted as good paraphrases and 49 sentences counted as not paraphrases. In totalud20 respondents, 4 respondents answered the questionnaire and all of the sentences were included inuda good paraphrase criterion. They are R. 4, R. 6, R. 8, and R. 12.16 others have a not a good criteriaudand good paraphrase criteria. On the other hands, 16 others included into a respondent that stilludfound not a good paraphrase criteria on their paraphrases, they are R. 1, R. 2, R. 3, R. 5, R. 7, R. 9,udR. 10, R. 11, R. 13, R. 14,R. 15, R. 16, R. 17, R. 18, R. 19 and R. 20udKey words: Entailments, Paraphrase, Writing Strategy, EFL Learners