中国文学翻译的译者模式及构建要素

摘要

译者模式及其建构是中国文学能否“走出去”的重要因素之一。译者在翻译过程中要进行一系列的适应与选择。“翻译适应选择论”是本研究的切入点，从原语翻译环境与译者之间的双向选择与适应，分析当下理想译者模式及建构要素，探究译者葛浩文如何使用翻译策略来适应译语翻译环境，选择合适的译文，从而得出最佳翻译策略。当下中国文学“走出去”的理想译者模式是以葛浩文为蓝本的外国汉学家模式；葛浩文在灵活使用“归化”“异化”的翻译策略基础上有意识地偏向“归化”的翻译策略，同时结合适时的删译，这是中国文学作品外译的最佳翻译模式。至于译者的构建要素，也应当像葛浩文那样具有中国经历、中文底蕴和中国情谊。%Translator’ s model and the related factors for constructing that model are two significant factors which concern whether Chinese literature can walk toward the world successfully or not. In the process of transla-tion, the translator has to make selections and adaptation. This paper, on the basis of the theory of Translation as Adaption and Selection, aims to analyze mutual selection and adaption between source translational Eco-environ-ment and the translator, concluding the ideal translator model and related factor for fostering that. Then, it probes into how does Howard Goldblatt, by means of translation strategies, adapts to the target translational Eco-environ-ment and selects the ideal translated works, finding the best translation strategies for translation of Chinese literacy in this period. To conclude, the sinologist translator model which takes Howard Goldbaltt as the blueprint is an ide-al translator model. Meanwhile, Howard Goldlatt combines the use of domesticating with foreignizing on one hand;he also puts much more attention on the use of domestication strategy and makes some deletions in the process of translation on the other hand. In a word, it is the best method for promoting Chinese literature “going-out.”