高静压物理变性制备非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉及理化性质研究

摘要

以木薯原淀粉为原料,选择压力为300、450、600 MPa的高静压处理,保压时间为30 min,含水量为50％,制备非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉.借助扫描电镜、偏光显微镜、激光粒度分析仪、X-射线衍射仪、快速黏度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪等仪器来研究非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉的理化性质及结构性质.结果显示,600 MPa处理后的偏光显微镜照片显示颗粒的偏光十字消失,X-射线衍射仪结果显示淀粉的相对结晶度为0,木薯淀粉的颗粒结晶结构消失,扫描电镜显示淀粉仍然保持颗粒状态,则非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉的制备条件是:木薯淀粉的体积浓度50 g/100 mL,处理压力为600 MPa,处理时间为30 min;在此制备条件下得到的非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉的膨胀度为16.48％;PV、TV、BD、FV显著下降,PT、SB、Pt显著增加;剪切应力的上升速度显著加快.非晶颗粒态淀粉可以作为原淀粉的替代品制备酶降解产物和变性淀粉,黏度性质显示非晶颗粒态木薯淀粉可以应用于谷类即食粥等制品的增稠剂和抗淀粉老化剂,焙烤食品表面涂膜剂等,具有很大优势.%With tapioca starch as raw materials,preparation of amorphous particle tapioca by high hydrostatic pressure processing by selection pressure of 300 and 450 and 600 MPa,the holding time for 30 min,moisture content is fifty percent.With the aid of scanning electron microscope,polarizing microscope laser particle size analyzer,X-ray diffraction,rapid viscosity analyzer,differential scanning calorimetry debate and other instruments,The physical and chemical properties and structural properties of amorphous particle tapioca.The results showed that polarizing microscope photographs under 600 MPa treatment showed the polarizing cross disappeared,XRD results showed that the relative crystallinity of starch was zero,tapioca starch granular crystalline structure disappeared,and SEM showed that starches still maintain the particles state.Then,the preparation conditions of amorphous particle tapioca were:tapioca starch concentration of 50 g/100 mL,treatment pressure of 600 MPa,treatment time of 30 min.Under such preparation conditions,the dilatation of amorphous particle tapioca is 16.48％;A significant reduction was observed in PV,TV,BD and FV.A significant increase was found in PT,SB and Pt;The rise of shear rate was significantly accelerated.Amorphous particle starch could be used as an alternative product of original starch to prepare enzyme degradation products and modified starch,and,the viscosity properties showed that amorphous particle tapioca could be applied to thickener and anti-aging agents,baked surface coating agent of grain instant porridge,etc.,which had great advantages.