摘要:
目的 分析老年残疾人的心理弹性特征,以及个人、家庭和社会因素对心理弹性的影响.方法 采用心理弹性量表简版(Connor-Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC-10)、自动思维问卷(automatic thoughts questionnaire,ATQ)、自尊量表(self esteem scale,SES)、艾森克人格简式问卷中文版(revised eysenck personnality questionnaire short scale for chinese,EPQ-RSC)以及自编人口社会学问卷对成都市四区的138名老年残疾人进行调查,并以194名无残疾的社区老年人作为对照.结果 老年残疾人的心理弹性[(21.38±7.71)分]及其两个维度力量性[(10.50±4.08)分]、坚韧性[(10.88±4.07)分]与无残疾老年人[(35.58±5.75)分,(18.13±3.48)分,(18.43±3.08)分]相比,均差异有统计学意义(t=-19.56,-17.81,-18.34,P<0.01);不同性别、城乡来源、婚姻状况、教育程度、残疾程度和家庭氛围的老年残疾人的心理弹性得分差异无统计学意义,但在年龄、残疾原因、残疾类型以及家庭经济状况上则差异有统计学意义(年龄:t坚韧性=2.18,P<0.05;残疾原因:t心理弹性=-2.75,t力量性=-2.22,t坚韧性=-2.68,P<0.05;残疾类型:F坚韧性=2.60,P<0.05;家庭经济状况:F心理弹性=5.45,F力量性=4.78,F坚韧性=5.21,P<0.01);老年残疾人心理弹性自动思维、自尊以及人格之间显著相关(r=-0.16~0.65,P<0.05);在控制年龄、残疾原因、残疾类型以及家庭经济状况的基础上,自尊(β=0.291,P<0.01)、外向性(β=0.287,P<0.01)和神经质(β=-0.254,P< 0.05)是老年残疾人心理弹性的重要影响因素,其共同解释率为32.0%.结论 增强老年残疾人的自尊,促进心理适应与调节,加强情绪管理,可能是提升其心理弹性水平的重要途径.%Objective To investigate the resilience characteristics of the elderly disabled,and the effects of individual,family and social factors on resilience.Methods A total of 138 disabled older adults from four districts of Chengdu City were investigated by 10 items Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CDRISC-10),the automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ),self esteem scale (SES),revised eysenck personnality questionnaire short scale for chinese(EPQ-RSC) and self-made population sociology questionnaire.Totally 194 community-dwelling older adults without disabilities,as a comparative population,were included in the analysis.Results Compared with the community-dwelling elderly without disability (35.58 ± 5.75,18.13±3.48,18.43±3.08),the scores of resilience(21.38±7.71),strength(10.50±4.08) and hardiness (10.88±4.07) of the elderly disabled were significantly lower(t=-19.56,-17.81,-18.34,P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the resilience scores of the elderly disabled in terms of gender,urban and rural sources,marital status,education,disability level and family atmosphere.However,there were significant differences in age,disability causes,disability type and family economic conditions (age:thardiess =2.18,P<0.05.disability causes:tresilience =-2.75,tstrength =-2.22,thardiness =-2.68,P<0.05.disability type:Fhardiness =2.60,P< 0.05.family economic conditions:Fresilience =5.45,Fstrength =4.78,Fhardiness =5.21,P<0.01).The resilience,automatic thoughts,self-esteem and personality were significant correlation with each other(r=-0.16-0.65,P<0.05).After controlling age,disability causes,disability type and family economic conditions,self esteem(β=0.291,P<0.01),extraversion (β=0.287,P<0.01) and neuroticism (β=-0.254,P<0.05) were important influential factors of resilience,explained 32.0% variance in resilience.Conclusion It may be an important way to improve resilience level of the elderly disabled by enhancing their selfesteem,promoting their psychological adjustment and strengthening their emotional management.