摘要：
为系统研究我国主要栀子果实的品种品质,以山栀子和水栀子果实为原料,测定果重、果皮厚度、果高、果直径、壳仁比、出籽率、出油率等主要经济性状及粗蛋白、粗脂肪、膳食纤维、可溶性总糖等营养成分和总环烯醚萜类、总藏红花素、总胡萝卜、素和总黄酮等功能成分含量.同时对栀子果仁油的理化性质、脂肪酸和不皂化物组成及主要生物活性物质进行测定和分析.结果表明水栀子果在单果重量(2.l0 g)、果实直径(20.47 mm)等经济指标上显著高于山栀子果(单果重量和果实直径分别0.91 g、10.84 g),而总环烯醚萜含量(5.35％)显著低于山栀子果(8.77％),其余主要营养功能成分无显著性差异.两种栀子果的油脂含量相近(约25％),理化指标均无显著性差异,主要脂肪酸均为亚油酸,含量高于48％.栀子果仁油的不皂化物主要有甾醇类、三萜醇类、烃类和维生素E类,其中以甾醇类含量最高(均超过50％).山栀子果仁油中的总甾醇(59.37％)、角鲨烯(11.42％)等主要生物活性物质含量高于水栀子,而维生素E类含量低于水栀子.综合分析,水栀子从果实产量及产油量上优于山栀子,但总环烯醚萜含量及油中主要生物活性物质含量较低.两者从栀子果及果仁油的营养、功能方面评价各有千秋,故在食用特别是栀子果仁油的利用方面两者可混用.试验结果为栀子果资源的综合利用、开发提供新的思路和理论基础.%Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides var.radicans Makino were selected as raw materials to study systematically qualities of two main fructiferous varieties of Gardenia jasminoides in China,and the main economic characters (i.e.fruit weight,pericarp thickness,fruit height,fruit diameter,pericarp seed ratio,seed yield and oil yield),nutritional ingredient (i.e.crude protein,crude oil,dietary fiber,total soluble sugar,reducing sugar,starch and energy) and functional component (i.e.total iridoid glycosides,total crocin,total carotene and total flavonoids) were determined.The physicochemical property,fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter composition,phytosterol,vitamin E and squalene content of gardenia nut oil were also determined analyzed.The results showed that some economic characters of Gardenia jasminoides var.radicans Makino (weight and diameter were 2.10 g and 20.47 mm for single fruit)were better than that of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (0.91 g and 10.84 mm respectively for single fruit),while the total iridoid glycosides content(5.35％)was lower.The oil content in gardenia nut was about 25％,linoleic acid was the main fatty acid(＞ 48％ in both gardenia fruit).The physicochemical properties of both kinds of gardenia nut oil showed no significant difference.The unsaponifiable matters in gardenia nut oil was mainly composed of sterols (more than 50％),triterpenoid alcohols,hydrocarbons and vitamin E.Gardenia jasminoides Ellis contained much more total sterols(59.37％)and squalene(11.42％)than Gardeniajasminoides var.radicans Makino.Summarily,Gardenia jasminoides var.radicans Makino had the advantage in fruit picking and oil yield,yet contained much lower total iridoid glycosides in fruit and beneficial factors in nut oil than that of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.The nutritional ingredients and functional components analysis of both gardenia fruit and fruit oil showed no significant difference.The results provided a theoretical basis for comprehensive utilization and development of gardenia fruit.
