杏皮渣醋酸发酵醋酸菌的分离筛选和鉴定

摘要

[目的]筛选获得适宜杏皮渣醋发酵的醋酸菌并对其进行鉴定,为杏皮渣醋质量及产量的提高奠定基础.[方法]在杏皮渣汁自然发酵液、固态发酵醋醅和杏园的土壤中分离醋酸菌,对分离菌株进行产酸曲线的测定及生理生化鉴定,对产酸量高的菌株进行16S rDNA序列测定并建立系统发育树,对其进行鉴定.[结果]共分离得到6株菌,其中Ac01、Ac02、Cp01、Cp02和Tr01属于醋酸菌属.初步判定,在杏皮渣汁的自然发酵液中分离的Ac01和Ac02可能属于醋化醋杆菌(Acetobacter aceti),菌株Ac02醋酸产量在分离菌株中最高,可达到3.04 g/100 mL,其16S rDNA序列与Acetobacter pomorum strain LMG 18848 16S rDNA序列相似度大于99％.[结论]在杏皮渣汁自然发酵液中分离得到的菌株Ac02为醋杆菌属(Acaobacter)的Acetobacter pomorum strain LMG 18848,是一株在杏皮渣醋生产中有应用潜力的醋酸菌.%[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen and identify the acetic acid bacteria strain for brewing vinegar from apricot dregs and lay the foundation for the improvement of the quality and yield of apricot dregs vinegar.[Method] The acetic acid bacteria were isolated from the natural fermentation broth of apricot dregs juice,the solid fermentative substrate of vinegar and the orchard soil,the curve of acid production was measured and the experiments of biochemical identification of each selected strain were conducted.The strains which could produce the highest acid were identified by 16S rDNA sequence and by the phylogenetic tree.[Result] Six strains were isolated,Ac01,Ac02,Cp01,Cp02 and Tr01 were identified as Acetobacter.Ac01 and Ac02 separated from the natural fermentation broth of apricot dregs juice may belong to Acetobacter aceti after the preliminary determination,the acetic acid yield of the strain Ac02 can reach 3.04 g/100 mL.The similarity of 16S rDNA sequence is more than 99％ between Ac02 and Acetobacter pomorum strain LMG 18848.[Conclusion] The strain Ac02 from the natural fermentation broth of apricot dregs juice was identified as Acetobacter pomorum strain LMG 18848.It is a potential application of acetic acid bacteria in brewing vinegar from apricot dregs.