中西方自我因文化不同存在诸多明显的差异.以往有关中西方自我的比较大都以西方自我为标准,陷入"二元对立"式思维框架."理一分殊"比较法则可跳出这一框架,其内涵指对于一个特定主题,比如中西方自我的比较,先从自我这一主题出发,抓住它的核心特征,通常这些自我的特征具有跨文化的普遍性,然后再将这些特征结合具体文化来具体分析,探究为何相同的特征在不同的文化下有不同的表现,以此来比较中西方自我的差异.自我的"理一"包括反身性、相对性与非死亡性.西方主要是从反身性来确证自我,而中方主要是从相对性来确证自我.两者的出发点不同,导致了中西方自我一系列的文化差异.%Self is one of the most important subjects in psychology, while this concept in Chinese culture is obviously different from that in Western culture. Most of these differences in previous studies were based on Western standards (e.g. the concept of independent self and interdependent self), which was rooted in the distinction between individualism and collectivism: individualism is usually regarded as a symbol of Western culture, while collectivism is often on behalf of Chinese culture. The universality and particularity comparison method can solve this problem. It refers that for a specific theme, such as the comparison of self in Chinese and western culture, we should grasp the core features of self. Generally, the features have cross-culture universality, and then they will be combined with specific culture to analyze. From this perspective, self has three main universal characteristics: (a) reflexivity; (b) relativity; (c) non-mortality.The particularity between Chinese and Western self are reflected in the different ways they prefer to confirm the existence of the self. Western confirms the existence of self through reflexivity, while Chinese confirms the existence of self through relativity.
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