科层制与市场化:中国大学学术评价量化方式盛行的重要原因

摘要

大学的“科层制”和“市场化”是当前大学学术评价量化方式盛行的重要原因。量化评价源于改革开放后大学克服科层制中“长官意志”的需要，大学规模的扩大和学术知识的分化使得量化评价成为科层制下大学管理的重要手段。市场化思维对大学的渗透推动了学术评价的数量化，因为量化评价在形式上更公平且更有效率。%The bureaucracy and marketization are two major reasons for the popularization of quantitive assessment.On one hand,quantitive assessment derives from overcoming obeying master’s willingness in bureaucratic system;meanwhile,the expansion of universities and the realignment of academic knowledge have made it an important administrative method for the university under such system. On the other hand,the marketization thought pattern has given impetus to the development of quantitive assessment which is more fair and effective in form.