利用SRAP分子标记技术,结合物候期对从美国、英国、意大利、法国、中国等地收集的适合浙江省种植的15个无花果品种的亲缘关系进行分析.结果表明,不同品种物候期存在不同程度差异,萌动期均为3月中下旬;展叶期在4月中下旬;座果期基本为5月初;果实成熟期6月底、7月中旬、7月底,8月中旬、9月均有;筛选出SRAP引物34个,扩增出204条多态性条带,多态率为62.25%,表明无花果种质资源的种内变异较为丰富;15个品种间的遗传相似系数在0.691~0.922,其中'波姬红'与'玛斯义陶芬','美丽亚'与'金傲芬'之间的遗传相似系数最大,为0.922,亲缘关系最近;'红矮生'和'日本紫果'遗传相似系数最小,为0.691.聚类分析表明在遗传距离为0.735处,不同品种分为两个大类群,其中'红矮生'单独聚为一类,其余品种聚为一类.物候期观察表明,同一生长环境下,物候期与品种亲缘关系相关.%Fifteen culitvars of Ficus carica from the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, France and China were planted in Wuyi, Zhejiang province in 2015, leaves were collected in March 2016 for evaluation of genetic relationships among these cultivars by SRAP markers and observations on phenological periods. The results showed that there were differences in phenological period among 15 germplasm resources, with sprouting period from middle to late March, leaf expansion from middle to late April, fruit setting at early May, and fruit mature from late June to the early September. 34 SRAP primers were selected, 204 polymorphic bands were obtained by PCR with the polymorphic rate of 62.25%, indicating abundant intraspecific variation. The genetic similarity coefficient among 15 cultivars was 0.691-0.922, with the maximal coefficient of 0.922 of'A132' and 'Masui Dauphine', and the minimal of 0.691 of 'Violette Solise' and 'Hongaisheng'. Cluster analysis showed that tested germplasm could be divided into two groups at genetic distance of 0.735. 'Hongaisheng' was clustered alone, the others were clustered into one group. Observation on phenological period of tested cultivars planted in the same location showed that their phenology had relation with their provenances.
展开▼
