汉语和印尼语的话题结构

摘要

汉语和印尼语主谓句、存现句等常式句的句首一般是话题的位置，其余部分是评述。汉、印强调句和倒装句等变式句的句首都可以表示评述，其余部分表示话题。汉语表示被动语义的“被”字句、受事前置句和印尼语的 di-V 被动句都将受事标记为话题。汉语“把”字句将受事标记为第二话题，印尼语没有这样的结构。汉、印特指问句非常相似，疑问词语在任何位置都是句子的焦点，但是印尼语一般将疑问词语置于句首，因而产生更多评述在前、话题在后的结构。%The canonical order of SVO and existential sentences in Chinese and Indonesian has the topic in initial position with the rest as comment.But the non-canonical order in focus sentences and inverted sentences may has the comment in initial position with the rest as topic.Chinese bei sentences,topic-in-verted sentences and Indonesian di-V passive sentences have the passivising function by putting the patient in initial position as topic.Indonesian does not haveba structures which mark the patient as the second top-ic.Special questions in Chinese and Indonesian are similar in focusing on the question word but differ in that Indonesian usually puts the question word at the beginning position,hence producing more sentences with the comment topic order.