入门阶段汉字教学条件的分析与教学方法的思考∗

摘要

Both Chinese-character teaching and Chinese-character learning for Chines-learning begin-ners are difficult tasks.This paper analyzes the conditions at this level and has the following conclu-sions:(1)the proportion of the relevant Chinese phonograms at this level is small,the forms of these characters are not complicated,whereas their component's recurrence rate is high;(2)when facing the difficult points,the learners will use such methods as repeated copying,decomposing the components and feature-based association;(3 )the teaching methods include the comparison of phonograms, memory-based approach,etc..With the above analysis,the paper concludes that such aspects as the relations between traditional and simplified characters,differences in adults and children as well as different stages of Chinese-character teaching are worthy of further studies.%入门阶段的汉字学习与教学难度大、任务重。本文首先对该阶段的汉字教学条件进行了分析，发现其形声字比例低，字形复杂度低，部件复现率高；在字形这一难点的学习和记忆中，初学者会尝试使用重复抄写、部件分解、特征联想等多种方法；而形声字学习、回忆默写、形近字比较等方法的教学也都有其条件。基于上述教学条件，本文提出了在汉字教学方法方面，繁简字的关系、成人与儿童、不同阶段的汉字教学设计等有待继续深入探讨的问题。