摘要:汉英进行体作为语法体,其反映的动作内部情状是仍在进行且不完整的.同时汉英进行体作为语法范畴,其语法意义具有多义性.为了对汉语进行体语法意义和英语进行体语法意义做出对比,进一步探究汉英进行体语法意义差异的原因.基于概念整合理论和构式压制理论,通过语料分析发现,汉英进行体语法意义差异原因有两个:一是汉英进行体构式基本构式义存在差异,二是英语中"时"语法范畴的存在.汉英进行体语法意义差异比较及对差异原因的分析能够辅助英语时体教学.%As grammatical aspects, Chinese and English progressive aspects are used to describe on-going and incomplete situations of actions. As grammatical category, English and Chinese progressive aspects have polysemous grammatical meaning. To compare the grammatical meanings of Chinese and English progressive aspects, this paper delves into the reasons for differences in the grammatical meanings of Chinese and English progressive aspects. Based on the conceptual integration theory and construction coercion theory, corpus analysis shows that that there are two reasons for the differences in grammatical meanings of Chinese and English progressive aspects: the differences in their constructional meanings, and the existence of the grammatical catagory "tense" in English. The comparative study on the grammatical meanings of Chinese and English progressive aspects and the analysis of reasons for the differences could be helpful in teaching English tense and aspect.
摘要:When ecology thrives, civilization will prosper, and vice versa. Under the guide of Marx's ecological ideology, people in Saihanba carried forward the spirit of "loving their homeland, sticking to their mission, fighting doggedly, and seeking truth from science", created the green wonder on the desert plateau, and made outstanding contributions to the construction of ecological civilization in China. Based on the deep understanding of scientific connotation and the essence of Saihanba spirit, the function and value of Saihanba spirit in promoting the national ecological civilization consciousness, enhancing the confidence of ecological civilization, and leading the construction of ecological civilization were analyzed. In addition, three ways were put forward to integrate Saihanba spirit into the construction of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics: to excavate Saihanba spirit to deepen the theory of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics; to carry forward Saihanba spirit to firm the self-confidence of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics; to carry out practical education activities focusing on ecological civilization by relying on Saihanba spirit.%生态兴则文明兴,生态衰则文明衰.在马克思主义生态思想的指引下,塞罕坝人发扬"热爱家园、坚守使命、顽强拼搏、科学求实"的精神,创造了荒漠高原上的绿色奇迹,为我国生态文明建设作出了突出的贡献.文章阐述了塞罕坝精神的科学内涵和精神实质,分析了塞罕坝精神在提升国民生态文明理念、增强生态文明自信、引领示范生态文明建设方面的功能和价值,并提出了将塞罕坝精神融入到中国特色生态文明建设的三大路径:挖掘塞罕坝精神以深化中国特色生态文明理论,弘扬塞罕坝精神以坚定中国特色生态文明自信,依托塞罕坝精神开展生态文明主题教育实践活动.
摘要:当代手工艺作为当代艺术领域中的一个组成部分,以鲜明的观念性和实践性引领社会发展.高校设计类相关专业应结合社会需求,探索手工艺教学体系,以培养具有动手能力、实践能力、综合能力的复合型人才.以浙江理工大学服饰品设计专业为例,分析当代手工艺教学的现状,探索当代手工艺教学改革在理念、实践、师资等方面的新思路,旨在提高该专业方向教学质量,使当代手工艺教学朝着当代性、创新性、评价体系多维度、产学研互动等方向发展.%Contemporary handicraft is an integral part of the contemporary art, which leads the social development with distinct ideas and practice. The majors of design in universities should explore the handicraft teaching system in combination with the social demands, in order to cultivate interdisciplinary talents with operation ability, practical ability and comprehensive ability. The accessories major of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University is used as an example to analyze the present situation of contemporary handicraft teaching and explore the new thoughts in the aspects of concept, practice and teaching resources, in order to improve the quality of teaching, and make contemporary handicraft teaching develop in the direction of modernization, socialization and diversification.
摘要:菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》的主要叙事者是尼克.在尼克讲述故事的同时,作者还引入了一个并不明显的女性叙事者——乔丹·贝克.她的叙述视角不仅可以形成对尼克讲述故事的补充和修正,更从一个女性角度对尼克这个男性叙述者叙述话语的价值取向产生质疑和反思,从而引导读者探究男性叙事者尼克潜在的权力意识和心理状态.在乔丹女性视角的反衬下,男性叙述者尼克身上所具有的男性优越、女性低贱的潜意识心理彰显出来.如此,两性视角的运用可以启发读者对小说叙述在不同视角下所呈现的性别意识和权力诉求进行更深层的思考.%The main narrator of Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is Nick. While Nick tells the story, the author also introduces an obscure female narrator, Jordan Baker. Her narrative perspective not only can complement and amend Nick's narrative, but also challenges and reflects Nick's value orientation as a male narrator's narrative discourse from a feminine perspective, thus guiding readers to explore Nick's potential power consciousness and psychological state. Against the backdrop of Jordan's female perspective, Nick, the male narrator, shows his subconscious mentality of male superiority and female lowliness. In this way, the application of gender perspective can inspire readers to think deeply about the gender consciousness and power appeal presented in the novel from different perspectives.
摘要:Recently, legal practical teaching has many problems. For example, teaching scope is limited to domestic law; students have limited participation opportunities; practical process is lack of teachers' guidance, etc. Through the integration of bilingual teaching, experiential teaching and moot court teaching, the Bilingual Experiential Moot Court Teaching Mode for International Law can provide more interactional international case study methods, more opportunities of comprehensive court experience and more effective teacher-intervened guidance. The key to this new teaching mode is to cultivate positive and diverse communication and interaction relationships between teachers and students as well as between students. From a four-stage implementation, this new teaching mode will achieve the goal of cultivating outstanding foreign-related legal talents.%当前法学实践教学中存在教学范围过于集中在国内法、学生参与机会有限、准备过程缺乏充分有效的教师指导等问题.通过将双语教学、体验式教学、模拟法庭教学三种教学方式整合,国际法双语体验式模拟法庭教学模式能够提供更为国际化的案例研讨方式、更为充分的法庭全局体验机会和更为有效的教师介入指导.这种新的教学模式的关键是在师生之间和学生相互之间培养一种积极、多元的充分沟通和互动交流关系.该教学模式通过四个阶段的具体实施,以达成培养卓越涉外法律人才的目标.
摘要:股权质押一方面缓解了控股股东的融资约束,另一方面又助长了控股股东的自利行为.宏观产能过剩引发了人们对微观企业过度投资的关注,控股股东对上市公司投资决策的影响会根据股东自身状态不同做出一定的调整.选取2012—2016年A股上市公司的相关数据,实证研究了控股股东股权质押与上市公司过度投资的关系,并考虑公司治理中控股股东持股比例与管理层持股比例的调节作用.研究发现:控股股东股权质押比例越高,上市公司过度投资越严重;控股股东持股比例越高,控股股东股权质押与上市公司过度投资之间的正相关关系越弱;管理层持股比例越高,控股股东股权质押与上市公司过度投资之间的正相关关系越弱.%Equity pledge eases the financing constraints of controlling shareholders, and on the other hand it promotes the self-interest behavior of controlling shareholders. Macro-overcapacity has aroused people's attention to over-investment of micro-enterprises. The influence of controlling shareholders on investment decisions of listed companies will be adjusted according to their own conditions. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2016, the relationship between equity pledge of controlling shareholders and over-investment of listed companies was empirically studied in this paper, and the moderating effect of controlling shareholders' equity ratio and management's equity ratio in corporate governance was considered. It was found that: the higher the proportion of controlling shareholders' equity pledge, the more serious the overinvestment of listed companies; the higher the shareholding proportion of controlling shareholders, the weaker the positive correlation between the equity pledge of controlling shareholders and the overinvestment of listed companies; the higher the shareholding proportion of management, the weaker the positive correlation between the equity pledge of controlling shareholders and the overinvestment of listed companies.
摘要:礼忏仪是佛教仪轨行事的一类,主要是以智顗创制的"十科行法"为正修行方法的组织程序."十科行法"的建立和流行,对礼忏仪乃至整个佛教仪轨的架构分科都产生了深远的影响.中国佛教礼忏仪始于东晋初,到唐宋各宗派都建立了自己的礼忏仪体系,而"十科行法"正是各宗派制忏的模本."十科行法"修证体系的主要思想和实践来源是"二十五方便"和"十境十乘观法"止观体系."十科行法"的架构分科主要是基础准备阶段的"严净道场、清净三业及三业供养",请佛、赞佛阶段的"奉请三宝、赞叹三宝及礼佛方法"和重点的"五悔、行道旋绕及诵经坐禅",每一科都有各自的独特意涵.但无论修证抑或止观,其终极目的无异,皆是思维一佛乘中道实相不思议境界而得解脱.%Tiantai penitential observance (Li Chan Yi) is a kind of the rituals of Chinese Buddhism. Zhi Yi created Shi Ke Xing Fa as the organizational procedures of practicing Buddhism. The establishment and popularity of Shi Ke Xing Fa affected penitential ceremony (Li Chan Yi) and Buddhist rituals deeply. The penitential ceremony (Li Chan Yi) of Chinese Buddhism started from the early Eastern Jin Dynasty. Denominations established their own systems of the penitential ceremony (Li Chan Yi) in Tang and Song dynasties, and the Shi Ke Xing Fa is their model. The main idea and practice source of Shi Ke Xing Fa derived from Er Shi Wu Fang Bian and Shi Jing Shi Cheng Guan Fa. The structure of Shi Ke Xing Fa mainly included the following: "cleaning the place where the Taoist or Buddhist rites are performed (Yan Jing Dao Chang) , Qing Jing San Ye, San Ye Gong Yang; Feng Qing San Bao, Zan Tan San Bao, and the methods of praying to Buddha in Buddha invitation and praising stage; Wu Hui, Circling the Buddha, sit in meditation and recite scriptures". Every part has unique implications, and they all have the same purpose regardless of correction orhear expansion-to become Buddha.
摘要:"Textile material science" is a basic required course for textile engineering and related majors. According to the teaching status of "textile material science" in Keyi College, this paper analyzes the deficiencies in the current course process, and puts forward the practice-oriented teaching reform, including enriching the teaching content, changing the teaching form and innovating the teaching methods. Through two-year teaching practice, this teaching reform has gained good effects. Also, students greatly improve learning interest, and the ability of students' comprehensive experiment ability and innovation awareness have been significantly enhanced.%"纺织材料学"是纺织工程类相关专业的基础必修课程.结合浙江理工大学科技与艺术学院"纺织材料学"课程教学现状,分析了当前课程教学中存在的不足,提出了以实践为导向的课程教学改革,具体包括丰富教学内容、改变教学形式、创新教学方法.经过近两年的教学改革实践,取得了良好的效果,学生的学习兴趣、综合实验能力和创新意识得到了显著提高.
摘要:巨灾债券将保险市场风险向资本市场转移,使资本市场资金得到更充分的利用.首先,对中国大陆地区1992—2016年地震巨灾年发生次数和地震损失金额进行了分布拟合,结果显示:中国地震巨灾年发生次数服从强度为7.8的泊松分布,损失金额服从对数正态分布,由此计算得到中国地震巨灾触发条件.然后,利用模型分布拟合结果,分别采用现金流贴现模型和Wang两因素模型对中国地震巨灾债券进行定价计算.通过两个模型的定价结果发现:地震巨灾风险债券的价格与触发金额成正相关;一年期的债券定价要高于三年期债券定价.最后在同等条件下,比较现金流贴现模型和Wang两因素模型在不同的本金损失比下的价格差异.%Catastrophe bonds transfer the risk of insurance market to the capital market and make the funds in capital market more fully utilized. Firstly, the distribution of annual occurrence times of earthquakes and the amount of earthquake losses in China from 1992 to 2016 was fitted. The results showed that the annual occurrence times of earthquake catastrophes in China obeyed the Poisson distribution with the intensity of 7.8, and the amount of losses obeyed the lognormal distribution. Based on the above, the triggering conditions of earthquake losses in China were obtained by calculation. Then, cash flow discount model and Wang two-factor model were applied to calculate the pricing of China's earthquake catastrophe bonds according to the distribution fitting results of models. It was found from the pricing results of both models that, the price of earthquake catastrophe risk bonds was directly proportional to the triggering amount. The pricing of one-year bonds was higher than that of three-year bonds. Finally, under the same conditions, price differences of the discounted cash flow discount model and Wang two-factor model in different principal-loss ratios were compared.
摘要:From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the texts with the narrative theme of Daoji were not rare. From the diachronic changes in the texts, it can be seen that the image of Daoji has been in the process of construction and transformation. Buddhist bone relic inscription on Huyinfangyuansou defined Daoji as "Crazy Monk"; In Jidian Quotations, Daoji was regarded as a "god"; In Biography of Jigong with Embroidery image, Jigong was changed again, and became a "knight". The construction and transformation of the image of Daoji is a good example of the secularization of Buddhism in the text. The secularization of Buddhism in the text shows a dual dimension, namely the Buddhist dimension and the social dimension. Since different secularized subjects have different motivations to promote the secularization of Buddhism, their respective recognized secularized boundaries of Buddhism differ a lot. The secularization of Buddhism in the text is a microcosm of the secularization of Buddhism in reality. It undoubtedly has much enlightenment significance for the secularization of Buddhism in reality.%自南宋至明清,以道济为叙事主题的文本不在少数.从文本的历时变迁中,可以看出道济的形象一直处于建构和嬗变当中.《湖隐方圆叟舍利铭》将道济界定为"颠僧";《济颠语录》中,道济则被视为"神僧";《绣像济公传》中,济公又摇身一变,成为"侠僧".道济形象的建构和嬗变,是文本中佛教世俗化的一个较好的例证.文本中的佛教世俗化表现出了双重向度,即佛教向度与社会向度.不同的世俗化主体,由于其推动佛教世俗化的动因不尽相同,使得各自所认可的佛教世俗化边界呈现出较大的差异.文本中佛教世俗化是现实中佛教世俗化的一个缩影,它对现实中的佛教世俗化无疑具有诸多启示意义.
摘要:At present, the protection of personal information in criminal law is actually the protection of individual rights of citizens. This understanding makes the protection of personal information in criminal law cannot be perfected. With the development of the times, citizen's personal informationgains the value which is far more than the expression of citizen's individual rights. The citizen's personal information should be protected by the independence of the criminal law under various value increments. Through the criticism and inheritance of the current theory of "citizen's personal information right theory" and "citizen's personal information property theory", the independent legal interest theory of "citizen's personal information" is constructed. On the one hand, it can protect the individual rights of citizens; on the other hand, it can give consideration of legal interests of the non-information subjects who have citizen's personal information legally. At the same time, under the premise of the existence of independent legal interests, we can further consider collating and supplementing the existing provisions of the criminal law, making them systematic, thus protecting citizen's personal informationat the level of criminal law.%目前刑法对公民个人信息的保护实际上是对公民个人权利的保护,这种理解使得刑法对个人信息的保护无法臻至完善.随着时代的发展,公民个人信息的价值远超于公民个人权利表现形式,多种价值增幅下的公民个人信息应该要受到刑法的独立性保护.通过对现行理论"公民个人信息权利说"以及"公民个人信息财产化说"的批判与继承,尝试构建"公民个人信息"独立法益理论.通过该理论,一方面可以对公民个人权利予以保护,另一方面兼顾合法拥有公民个人信息的非信息主体的利益,同时在独立法益存在的前提下,可以进一步考虑对现有刑法条文予以整理和补充,使之系统化、体系化,从而赋予公民个人信息在刑法层面上的更多保护.
摘要:Cluster brand is an intangible and accumulative quasi-public asset, which was considered to be very valuable. But it is found that cluster brand value in China is limited, and brand building resource allocation is insufficient. The previous research which was based on the theory of "tragedy of the commons" and "Free Rider" theory is obviously insufficient. Firstly, static game theory was used to get the expressions of cluster brand building resource allocation based on enterprises' individual rationality or cluster holistic rationality under market mechanism. It was found that, non-Pareto optimum of cluster brand building resource allocation was not the tragedy of "the commons" or "free rider". Secondly, the mechanism of non-Pareto optimum of cluster brand building resource allocation was reinterpreted according to marginal theory of economics and added value theory of brand. At last, the authors suggested two basic modes to optimize cluster brand building resource allocation: government-leading mode and the mode led by cluster industry association. The former is suitable for the perfect competition cluster, and the latter is suitable for monopolistic cluster. Through clarifying the forming mechanism of non-Pareto optimum of cluster brand building resource allocation, the corresponding correction measures were proposed to optimize cluster brand building resource allocation.%集群品牌是一种可持续累积的、无形的准公共资产,曾被认为很有价值,但研究发现中国的集群品牌价值有限、品牌建设资源配置不足.以往研究用"公地悲剧"理论和"搭便车"理论进行解释,存在明显不足.文章首先用静态博弈方法给出市场机制作用下基于集群企业个体理性和集群整体理性的集群品牌建设资源配置表达式,发现集群品牌建设资源配置的非帕累托最优不是因为"公地"导致的悲剧,也不是因为"搭便车".其次,根据经济学的边际理论和品牌学的附加价值理论,重新解释了集群品牌建设资源配置非帕累托最优的机理.最后,根据产业集群的结构差异,提出了优化集群品牌建设资源配置效率的政府主导模式和集群产业协会主导模式,前者适用于完全竞争式集群,后者适用于寡头垄断式集群.通过厘清集群品牌建设资源配置的非帕累托最优形成机理,提出相应的矫正措施,旨在优化集群品牌建设的资源配置.
摘要:Grand narrative, as a kind of narrative mode of cultural propaganda and ideological exhibition of political community, has been widely used in various political texts. With the rise of postmodernism philosophy, the appeal of deconstruction of grand narrative is getting stronger and stronger. The purpose of deconstruction is to construct a set of grand narrative framework with high legitimacy, which needs to add new elements on the basis of retaining the original elements of meta narrative. The cultural symbol system, with its peculiar intersubjectivity philosophy logic and perfect meaning generation mechanism, builds a sense of "otherness" presence stimulation, and thus provides the grand narrative style of political text with a set of effective reconstruction strategy.%宏大叙事作为政治共同体进行文化宣介和意识形态展演的一种叙事方式,一直以来被广泛运用于各类政治文本中.随着后现代主义哲学的兴起,解构宏大叙事的呼声却愈来愈烈.解构的目的在于建构,而建构一套具有高度合法性的宏大叙事框架需要在部分保留原有元叙事要素的基础上,添加新的元素.文化象征系统凭借其特有的主体间性哲学逻辑和完美的意义生成机制,构筑起一种"他者在场"的意识刺激,从而为政治文本的宏大叙事风格提供了一套有效的重构策略.
摘要:The well-known Xuehaitang College established in 1820 by Ruan Yuan in Guangzhou has an important position in the history of modern colleges. Due to the reasons of traditional Shanchang system and the development of Confucian classics, RuanYuan implemented a unique teaching management system in the Xuehaitang College, named "the senior system". The specifc form and duties of the senior system were to test students quarterly, to guide students in academic studies, to holdliterati gathering activity, and to comprehensively study the college and participate in teaching. Xuehaitang College existed for more than a hundred years, had cultivated a large number of scholars and promoted regional circulation of education mode. In the transformation of modern Chinese society, the senior system became the medium for the dissemination of "constitutionalism" in China, and made the university management move toward democracy and science in a certain process. Exploring the senior system can provide a useful reference for the research on contemporary graduate tutor system.%阮元1820年在广州设立的著名书院学海堂,在近代书院史上有着重要的地位.出于传统书院山长制式微和发展经学的缘故,阮元在学海堂实行了独特的教学管理制度——学长制.学长制的具体程式与职责是季课考察、指导生徒学术修为、举行雅集活动、综理书院事务和参与教学.学海堂前后存续了近百余年,培育了大批学人,促进了教育模式的地域流转.在近代中国社会转型之中,学长制成为中国传播"宪政"思想的媒介,并且在一定程上使大学管理走向民主与科学.探究学长制可为当代研究生导师制提供有益参考.