论杜威的实验主义对胡适文学批评的影响

摘要

Hu Shi based science as his life outlook. He treated his literary criticism activity by adop- ting scientific attitude, spirit and method. In his own words, his criticism is based on ＂a bold assump- tion and careful confirmation＂, the reason of which is still due to the deep influence of Dewey＇s experimentalism on Hu Shi＇s literary criticisms. The influence mainly results in two aspects： Firstly, independence of thought. He dared to question what had been concluded in the literary critic world and offered his own view with his own bold hypothesis; secondly, respecting the fact and carefully gathering evidence. He diligently sought the truth in the literary activities.%胡适以科学为人生观的基础，以科学的态度、精神和方法来对待自己的文学批评活动，用他自己的话说，就是“大胆的假设，小心的求证”。究其原因，乃是杜威的实验主义对胡适产生了深刻的影响。具体而言，杜威的实验主义对胡适的文学批评所产生的影响主要在两个方面：其一，思想独立，敢于质疑文学批评界的定论，并在大胆假设的基础上提出自己的看法；其二，尊重事实，小心求证，孜孜寻求文学活动中的真理。