美国高速公路安全保险协会（Insurance Institute for Highway Safety,IIHS）2012年颁布的正面小重叠碰撞试验方法及评价规程，对进军美国市场的中国车企提出了挑战。本文根据IIHS协会的试验方法及评价规程，用相关性分析后的有限元模型，对某实车进行了正面小重叠碰撞仿真分析。试验中，汽车以64．4km／h的速度撞击刚性壁障，重叠率为25％。试验后对碰撞车的车体结构、约束系统／假人运动学、假人伤害测量三方面进行评价，加权得到正面小重叠碰撞工况的总等级。分析结果为：车体结构得到“边缘”的评级；针对初始结果，从车体结构和材料两方面进行优化，优化后车体结构评级为“良好”。提出结构耐撞性能、约束系统集成方面的建议，为后续车辆安全性能开发提供参考。%A crash-test protocol and rating guidelines for small-overlap frontal-crashworthiness, which was released by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in August 2012, is a challenge to China's enterprises intending to enter the US automotive market. Small-overlap frontal barrier crash tests on a real vehicle in the authors' company were simulated and analyzed using the correlated FE model according to the protocol and guidelines. The tests were conducted at 64.4 km/h and 25% overlap, with rating based on vehicle structures, restraints and dummy kinematics, and dummy injury measures, and with the overall rating obtained by weighting of each individual rating. The original results indicate that the structure rating is "Marginal". After optimizing the structure and material according to the original results, the structure obtains "Good" rating. Some strategies for structure crashworthiness and restraints are summarized to offer references for new car safety.
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