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机械研究与应用

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本杂志是甘肃省科学技术厅主管，甘肃省机械科学研究院主办的科技期刊，国内外公开发行。主要栏目有工业机械、农业机械两大类，设有决策与指导、市场评述、行业动态、应用研究、设计与计算、计算机应用、市场与管理、工艺改进、检测技术、四新成果、科技兴企、使用与维修、农机化、综述、信息动态等20多个栏目。
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  • 主管单位：甘肃省科学技术厅
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机械研究与应用 >2023年第5期

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  • 摘要：在编组站解体作业中，推峰速度的大小直接影响到解体效率。目前对推峰机车的速度控制仍然以人工经验为主，达不到自动化驼峰的要求。因此，本文经过对影响推峰速度各类因素仔细分析，提出基于模糊神经网络的驼峰推峰速度控制方法，用误差反向传播的学习算法对模糊神经网络模型进行训练，通过与测试数据样本对比，可以看出该模型计算的机车速度与机车实际运行速度相差较小，并且能较精确得出理想的推峰速度，对提高编组站作业效率有明显的作用。%In the work of disintegrating in the marshalling yard, the humping speed can directly affect the efficiency.At pres-ent, artificial experience is still the main way for controlling speed of pushing engine, yet it can not reach the demand of auto-mation hump.Therefore, this article presents the real-time control method for push speed of engine in hump that based on fuzzy neural network, and has practiced to the fuzzy neural network model with the learning algorithm of error back propaga-tion, through the contrast to data sample, we can see that there is small difference between the speed that calculated by the model and the real moving speed of engine, and then it can draw the ideal pushing speed accurately, and there is a obvious role for increasing the humping efficiency in marshalling yard.
  • 摘要：研究了单自由度磁悬浮轴承的干扰抑制问题。为了不失一般性，用高斯白噪声信号来模拟干扰信号。以Matlab为设计平台，用遗传算法设计了PID控制器，给出了干扰抑制的仿真结果。结果表明，遗传算法整定参数的PID控制器具有响应快速、超调量小，对大扰动的抑制较好的特点。%The interference suppression of the active magnetic bearing ( AMB) with single degree of freedom is studied in this paper.Gaussian white noise signal is employed to simulate the interfering signals in order to guarantee the interfering signals′generalization.A PID controller is designed by using the genetic algorithm ( GA) with MATLAB platform.The simulation re-sults show that the system with the PID controller whose parameters are set by GA has characteristics of quick response, small overshoot and good suppression of big interference.
  • 摘要：气泡雾化喷嘴是一种新型的雾化喷嘴，相比常规的雾化喷嘴具有雾化质量高、耗气量小等优点，逐渐引起人们的重视。由于空气雾化喷嘴结构形式复杂多样，因而必须根据具体的用途进行特定的设计。通过分析喷嘴的设计要求并根据设计要求比较了几种常见类型的喷嘴，最终选择采用文丘里管形式的干雾喷嘴。通过理论分析、计算和数值求解，对文丘里雾化喷嘴的结构进行了具体的设计，重点介绍了断面形状的选择和供水方式的选择，最后确定喷嘴结构各部分加工尺寸，构建出文丘里雾化喷嘴的三维模型。%As a new-style nozzle, effervescent atomizer has more benefits like the high quality spray and the low air consump-tion when it is compared to the other nozzles;therefore, it attracts more and more attention.It is necessary to design the nozzle based on its actual usage because the structures of spray nozzles are various.The design requirements are analyzed and several kinds of nozzles are compared according to the requirements, then the nozzle of the Venturi tube is selected.The structure of spray nozzle based on Venturi tube is designed through theoretic calculation and numerical resolution, it stressed on the selec-tion of the section shape and the type of water supply.Finally, the size of each part of nozzle is determined and the 3D model of the spray nozzle based on Venturi tube is designed.
  • 摘要：Aiming at the existing problem of large-scale B2025 gantry plane, a comprehensive transformation is applied to its electricity control system, increasing the milling capabilities in order to adapt to the processing requirements.With Siemens programmable logic controller as the control core and human-machine interface as control interface, the switch logic control, rotational speed control, workbench intelligent regulation and human-machine interface are accomplished; and the Siemens 6RA80 DC speed governor is to achieve planing control system transformation; while the Siemens converter MM440 is to a-chieve milling functions.The result of reconstruction shows that it improves the reliability and stability of machine, and the op-eration interface is simple and user-friendly.The performance satisfies the requirements of production process.%针对大型龙门刨床B2025目前存在的问题，对其电气控制系统进行全面的技术改造，增加铣削功能以适应各种加工要求。该控制系统以PLC为核心以及人机界面为控制界面，完成开关量逻辑控制、转速控制、工作台智能调节及人机界面交互；西门子直流调速器6RA80实现刨削控制系统改造；西门子变频器MM440实现铣削功能控制。通过改造，提高了系统的可靠性、稳定性，操作界面简单、友好，满足生产加工多元化要求。
  • 摘要：Nowadays, the intelligent fruit picker is becoming trend of the fruit industry, and its study could effectively improve the picking efficiency and reduce the labor intensity.During the whole process of intelligent work, the control system plays an important role for it can accomplish the intelligent work such as identification, picking, classification and encasement.The au-tomatic picking process is realized by the programmable control system which is based on the VC++6.0 and the PLC environ-ment;and this system will be the foundation of the fruit industry modernization in the future.%智能化水果采摘机逐渐成为水果行业的一个发展方向，它的研究可以有效地提高水果的采摘效率和减轻果农的劳动强度。整个智能化作业过程中，控制系统起到举足轻重的作用，可以有效地实现整个水果采摘过程中的识别、采摘、分类、装箱等智能化作业。它是基于VC＋＋6．0环境和PLC环境下的可编程控制系统来实现整个采摘过程自主化作业，对于未来实现水果产业的现代化的种植模式奠定了基础。
  • 摘要：当前企业中机械设备普遍存在“重使用、轻保障”的现象，其维修保障方案的制定缺乏科学依据，片面性和主观性较强。针对这一问题，以维修保障方案产生的费用最低和使用可用度最高为原则，利用以可靠性为中心的维修分析方法和修复级别分析方法，给出了企业中机械设备的维修保障方案制定流程。最后以某型桥式起重机的维修保障方案为例，统计得出了设计方案和原有维修方式在费用、使用可用度和对任务性、安全性、经济性的影响等方面的差异，结果表明了该方案具有较大优势。%Most mechanical equipments in enterprises were treated greatly in use and slightingly in support at present.The de-sign of mechanical equipments′support concept was lack of scientific basis, and had strong one-sidedness.Aiming at such problem, the author designed a process flow of making maintenance support concept of mechanical equipments, which mainly used the reliability-centered maintenance analysis ( RCMA) and level-of-repair analysis ( LORA) , by following the principle of lowest cost and highest operation availability.At last, a case of bridge crane was used to prove that our method was superior to native method in the aspect of cost, operational availability, and other fields.
  • 摘要：针对直接并网型同步风力发电机励磁系统非线性、时变性及风力发电机运行工况多变等特点，提出了一种基于粒子群优化的同步风力发电机励磁系统的变论域模糊控制方法。该方法中，通过分析确定变论域伸缩因子的结构，利用粒子群算法优化其参数，实现伸缩因子参数的智能寻优。将粒子群优化的变论域模糊控制器应用于励磁控制中，根据电压环的性能指标建立目标函数，通过对基本论域自适应调整，实现了同步风力发电机励磁系统在全工况下的自适应控制，提高了发电机端电压的调节精度和运行的稳定性。仿真结果表明，基于粒子群优化的变论域模糊控制在动态性能和稳态性能上优于模糊控制。%According to the characteristics like nonlinear, time-varying and changing operating conditions of the excitation system in synchronous wind generator with directly grid-connected, a variable universe fuzzy control design method of synchro-nous wind generator excitation control system based on PSO is proposed in this paper.With this method, the intelligent optimi-zation of contraction-expansion factor parameters is achieved by analyzing and deciding the structure of the variable universe contraction-expansion factor, and using the particle swarm optimization to optimize its parameters.After applying the opti-mized variable universe fuzzy controller to the excitation control system, the objective function is established according to the voltage loop performance, then adaptive control of synchronous wind generator excitation system is achieved via adjusting basic universe of discourse, which could improve the accuracy of the generator terminal voltage regulation and the stability of run-ning.Simulation results show that the control method is superior to the traditional fuzzy control in both dynamic performance and steady-state performance.
  • 摘要：Varieties and small batch of the stamping products are complicated, which always puzzled production managers.In this article, the manufacturing execution system which could satisfy the production character of such products is analyzed, and its hierarchical structure is built, then its function is designed.The system can not only complete the production management and analysis, display the visual of data;but also track the production state, predict production efficiency and the mould life cycle.Through practical application, the system can be verified to satisfy the management of varieties, small batch stamping production workshop, and improve the production efficiency.%多品种、小批量的冲压产品生产管理比较复杂，一直困扰着生产管理者。根据多品种、小批量冲压产品生产特点，对满足其要求的制造执行系统进行了分析，构建了制造执行系统层次结构，设计其功能。该系统不仅能够完成对生产的管理、分析及数据的可视化展现，并能够对生产现场状态跟踪、生产效率与模具寿命的预测。通过企业的实际应用，验证了该系统能够很好地满足多品种、小批量冲压产品生产车间管理，提高生产效益。
  • 摘要：科学技术高速发展，对机械设计尤其是工业设计提出了更高的要求，对现代机械设计的理论进行了探讨，分析了机械设计的方法与过程，对机械创新设计的步骤过程进行了详细的论述，将现代机械设计的创新方法进行了分类研究和探讨。%With rapid development of science and technology, it puts forward higher requirements to mechanical design, espe-cially the industrial design.In this paper, theory of the modern mechanical design is discussed, the methods and processes of mechanical design are analyzed, and the steps of innovative design are also discussed in detail, finally, the classified research and discussion on innovative methods of modern mechanical design are performed.
  • 摘要：This paper analyzed the failure mode of hydraulic piston pumps and established its fault tree to obtain the minimal cut sets. The interval probabilities of basic events were obtained by using the evidence theory. According to the interval opera-tors, the interval probability of piston pump is calculated. This paper also studied the impact of friction pair wear on reliability of the hydraulic piston pump.%针对液压柱塞泵失效模式进行分析，了解引起其失效的根本原因，并基于此建立了液压柱塞泵的故障树，得到影响柱塞泵失效的最小割集；利用证据理论得到故障树底事件的失效概率区间，依据区间算子求得柱塞泵的故障区间，并研究了摩擦副磨损量的变化对液压柱塞泵可靠度的影响。
  • 摘要：润滑油的摩擦系数的精确测试对节能减排及设备寿命有重要影响。针对目前常用的润滑剂摩擦因数四球测定标准方法误差较大问题，利用不确定度理论对摩擦系数测量的影响因素进行了分析，并使用改进的MS-800四球试验机，对某润滑油在特定的实验条件下进行实验，实验表明其摩擦系数的不确定度均能控制在5%之内。%The accurate test for lubricant friction coefficient has an important impact on energy conservation and equipment life. In this paper, owing to the large measurement error in four-ball friction factor measurement which is commonly used at present, the influence factors of the measurement of friction coefficient were analyzed by using the theory of uncertainty. The improved MS-800 four-ball tester is used for experiments with certain lubricants under certain experimental conditions. The experiments show that the friction coefficient of the uncertainty can be controlled within 5%.
  • 摘要：Based on the multibody dynamics software RecurDyn, suspension model for a certain type of high speed tracked ve-hicle is established, as well as a road surface model. A real car inspection on tracked vehicle is carried out when the road sur-face and the speed are the same. Then, by comparing the vertical accelerations of real vehicle and the model, the credibility of the model is verified.%基于多提动力学软件RecurDyn建立了某型高速履带车辆悬挂模型，同时建立了路面模型，且在相同路面和车速的情况下，对履带车辆进行了实车检验，然后通过对比实车与模型垂直方向的加速度，验证模型的可信性。
  • 摘要：翻板浮阀是一种重要的内防喷工具，在实际使用中，其阀芯内流道中容易出现岩屑沉积而阻碍浮板的正常开启与关闭。针对其阀芯流道内容易出现岩屑沉积的问题，采用Fluent对其内流场进行仿真计算，研究对阀芯流道锥角变化对其内流场的影响，分析四种不同阀芯入口锥角情况下，阀芯内部流场的气体、岩屑速度情况和岩屑的分布情况。通过研究发现，随着阀芯入口锥度的增大，气体和岩屑的运动速度逐渐增大，阀芯内部流场的紊流情况加剧，在锥角达到5º和7º时，浮板动作区域出现大范围的漩涡；岩屑体积分数随着锥角的增大出现不均匀的情况，并从流道直径最小处向进口处，出现岩屑沉积。%Flap float valve is an important inner blowout preventer valve; in actual use, the debris deposition is easily ap-peared in flow channel of valve core thus to prevent flap in valve opening or shutting. To solve this problem, the flow field of valve core is simulated by using Fluent to research the influence that the change of flow channel taper angle on the flow field of valve core, and the gas, debris velocity field and distribution of debris in valve core flow field are also analyzed in case of four kinds of taper angle. According to the research, it is found that gas and debris velocity gradually raise with the increase of ta-per angle, and the turbulence situation of valve core flow field intensifies as well. When taper angle grows to 5oand 7o, the flap action area emerges whirlpool in wide area. The debris volume fraction appears maldistribution with the increase of taper angle, and the debris deposition appears from the minimum diameter of the flow channel to the inlet.
  • 摘要：The iron-based powder metallurgy parts in the production of packaging products have to go through the process of anti-rust treatment, most enterprises have adopted the anti-rust oil immersion treatment, usually through artificial immersion oil and de-oiling treatment, the process is complex and inefficient, and is likely to cause oil waste and pollution of operating environment, which is a long-standing problem to the enterprises. Focused on this situation, this paper discussed the de-oiled machine design principles of the iron-based powder metallurgy parts products by setting synchronizer cone ring as an ex-ample, in order to improve problems like complex process of artificial immersion oil and de-oiling treatment, inefficiency, oil waste and the environmental pollution that existing in the current business.%铁基粉末冶金零部件产品在生产包装过程都需要经过防锈处理，大部分企业采用的是浸防锈油处理，通常是经过人工浸油与脱油处理，工序复杂，效率低，很容易造成油液的浪费和操作环境的污染问题，这也是长期以来困扰企业的一个难题。主要针对这一现状，论述了以同步器锥环为例的铁基粉末冶金零部件产品脱油机的设计应用原理，以改善目前企业人工浸油和脱油工序复杂、效率低而造成的油液浪费和环境污染问题。
  • 摘要：通过添加稀土元素铈、保温处理方式,改善高硅铸铁性能。运用金相显微镜、冲击试验机、电子万能试验机对比分析了稀土含量分别为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的材料试样,结果表明,当稀土含量在1.0%时,材料组织致密,晶粒细小；冲击韧度为1.3 J/cm2；抗弯强度为174 MPa,挠度为1.4 mm。%In this paper, the performance of high silicon cast iron is improved by adding the rare earth element cerium and thermal treatment. The material samples of rare earth content of 0. 5%, 1. 0% and 0. 5% are comparativly analyzed by using the metallographic microscope, the impact testing machine and the electronic universal testing machine. The results show that:when rare earth content was 1. 0%, the material microstructure was density, and the grain size was small;the impact tough-ness was:1. 3 J/cm2;the bending strength was 174 MPa, and the deflection was 1. 4 mm.
  • 摘要：There are multiple solutions for the foot force distribution of a moving multi-legged robot. Firstly, two approaches named pseudo-inverse method and the optimization method are summarized in this paper, and the problems of the two algo-rithms are pointed out. Then, a new force/torque distribution algorithm is proposed. The computation model based on dynamic equations is derived. Finally, a 6-legged robot is studied as an example to comparing the characteristics of the three algo-rithms. The results show that the new algorithm uses much shorter time and enables the robot to walk with less energy con-sumption. Foot force distribution method that was proposed in this paper is efficient and excellent.%多足机器人在移动过程中存在足端力多解问题，首先归纳了求解该问题的两种方法，即伪逆法和优化法，指出两种算法各自存在的问题，然后提出了一种新的力/力矩分配算法，推导了以动力学方程为基础的计算模型。以六足机器人三条腿支撑情况为例比较了三种算法的优劣，计算结果表明新算法用时短，所得分配方案使机器人行走时能耗小，是一种高效的足端反力的求解方法。
  • 摘要：The condition of turntable bearing is complex, and the rotate speed is extremely low, while the load is heavy. The start-up friction torque is often greater than the calculated value, in order to determine the precise numerical bearing friction torque, the start-up friction torque of turntable bearing under different axial loading conditions are tested, and the relationship between the start-up friction torque of turntable bearings and the variation of the load size is then summarized, thus experi-mental data for the design and processing method of the bearing are provided.%转盘轴承工况复杂、转速极低、承受载荷重。启动摩擦力矩往往大于理论计算值，为了确定轴承摩擦力矩的精确数值，分别测试不同轴向载荷状况下转盘轴承启动摩擦力矩，总结了转盘轴承的启动摩擦力矩随载荷大小变化的规律及关系，为轴承的设计及工艺方法提供试验数据。
  • 摘要：With the development of new energy industry, welder professional skill appraisal test for wind power industry and coal chemical industry are increasing, in order to prevent the waste phenomenon in CNC lathe processing that to get groove steel plate for welder professional skill appraisal, this paper introduces the design process of a simple flame cutting machine to get groove steel plate by using a slider-crank mechanism and the lever principle, this machine has obtained good application effect in the welder professional skill appraisal test of the tenth occupation skill appraisal institute in Wuwei.%随着新能源行业的发展，风电和煤化工等行业焊工职业技能鉴定考试日益增多，为改善焊工职业技能鉴定中数控车床加工钢板坡口过程中的浪费现象，介绍了一种利用四杆机构和杠杆原理设计的简易焊工考试用带坡口钢板火焰切割下料机，该机械在武威市第十职业技能鉴定所焊工技能实操考试中应运效果良好。
  • 摘要：In this paper, the definition, composition and working principles of the deceleration electric drive gear wheel were introduced, and check calculations for the important components of planet gear device such as the sun gear, the planet gear and the gear ring were conducted, therefore, a certain theory for such system to be used in practical production was provided.%介绍了减速型驱动电动轮的定义、构成及工作原理，并对该种系统行星齿轮减速装置的太阳轮、行星齿轮、齿圈等核心零件的接触强度进行了校核计算，为这种系统更好地投入实际生产中提供了一定的理论依据。
  • 摘要：介绍了真空怀特池光程调节的难度和必要性。利用曲柄滑块机构的工作原理，设计了一种用于真空怀特池光程调节的机构，其具有结构简单、调节方便、调节范围及精度灵活等特点。在实际应用中，起到了较好的调节作用。%In this paper, the difficulties and necessity of the optical path regulation in vacuum White cell are introduced. Through the working principles of the slider-crank mechanism, a kind of optical path regulating mechanism in vacuum White cell is designed, which has advantages such as simple-configured, convenient regulating, flexible in regulating range and pre-cision. It is proved that such mechanism could work well in the actual application.
  • 摘要：通过对达坂城风能发电场的实地考察，利用现代技术手段，采用三维建模软件UG、场景制作软件3DMax和立体显示Nvision平台搭建出风场的三维漫游系统。未经亲临现场就可感受风场中的每个风机的运转状况，为风场维护方式提出了新的思路，同时也可对风场工作者进行技术培训。%Through the on-the-spot investigation of Dabancheng wind farm and by using modern technology, the three-dimen-sional roaming system of wind field is built by adopting the three-dimensional modeling software UG, the scene produced soft-ware 3DMax and the three-dimensional display Nvision platform. Achieving the feel of each fan operation condition without visiting the site in the wind field, thus it puts forward a new idea for the maintenance of wind field, and also could carry on the technical training for wind field workers at the same time.
  • 摘要：针对系列化电缆防喷管设计效率低下，提出以SolidWorks为二次开发平台，结合VB语言和Excel类型库，对电缆防喷管进行模块参数化设计。实践证明，在设计图纸阶段，模块参数化设计可以帮助设计人员方便快捷准确地完成设计任务，提高效率140倍以上。很大程度上节省了人力资源和缩短了生产周期，从而降低生产成本。%For the series of wireline lubricator low design efficiency, parametric design of wireline lubricator module is put for-ward,which is made in SolidWorks secondary development platform and combined with VB language and the Excel type librar-y. Practice has proved that module parametric design can help designers complete design tasks easily ,quickly and accurately and improve 140 times greater efficiency in the design drawings stage. The new way largely saves human resources and shorten the production cycle, thus reducing the cost of production.
  • 摘要：Electric static stability control system is one of the main factors to ensure the regulative ability of control equipment. The failures of stator blade servo control system include control signal loss and tracking lag. In this paper, in view of the above problems, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve instead of the electro-hydraulic servo valve could effectively solve the above problems, and could ensure the smooth production.%电炉静叶控制系统工作的稳定性是保证设备调控能力的主要因素之一。在生产实践中发现，静叶伺服控制系统出现的一些故障包括控制信号丢失、跟踪滞后等问题。针对以上问题，采用电液比例阀代替电液伺服阀，有效解决了以上问题，保证了生产顺行。
  • 摘要：In this article, the steering drive axle of a milling machine was analyzed, and its numerical model was also built. Based on the result of original model calculation, the optimization designing scheme was offered, and the physical dimension of drive axle was reduced. Finally, the effectiveness of such optimization was verified by the finite element analysis results under typical working conditions of the standard load, veering, and emergency brake.%针对某铣刨机转向驱动桥进行分析，建立了转向桥的数值模型，在原型桥计算分析的基础上，提出了优化设计方案，对桥的几何尺寸进行了削减，并以额定桥荷、转向、紧急制动等典型工况载荷下的有限元分析结果验证了优化的有效性。
  • 摘要：针对6061铝合金材料液冷零件残余应力水平85 MPa左右情况，采用不同热处理温度进行6061板材试件去应力对硬度的影响实验，实验结果表明190~200益对6061材料硬度无影响，采用200益保温6 h的进行液冷结构件的去应力实验，实验后液冷结构件应力降至33 MPa左右，满足6061材料结构件许用应力小于41 MPa的需求，提高了液冷模块的耐压强度，保证了零件后续使用的可靠性。%According to the situation that the residual stress level of 6061 aluminum alloy liquid cooling parts is about 85MPa, tests about the effect of distressing 6061 sheet on the hardness with different heat treatment temperature are conducted. The ex-perimental results show that temperatures about 190~200℃ had no effect to the hardness of 6061 material, and when 200℃for 6 hours of cooling structure to stress test after the experiment, the liquid cooling structure stress was reduced to about 33 MPa, and that could meet the demand of the allowable stress is less than 41 MPa of the 6061 structures. The test improves the compressive strength of liquid cooling module, and ensures the reliability of the subsequent use of the parts.
  • 摘要：汽车前轴是汽车最重要的承重件之一，其设计的可靠性直接影响整车性能的发挥。利用有限元方法研究汽车前轴的动态特性，并通过频率响应提取动刚度，为前轴设计提供了频域的设计方法。%Front axle of the light truck is one of the most important load-bearing parts. Its design reliability has impact on the vehicle performance. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the automotive front axle is researched by using the finite el-ement method ( FEM) , and its dynamic stiffness is also extracted with frequency response. We hope that would provide a de-sign method for front axle in the frequency domain.
  • 摘要：According to the relevant knowledge of engineering thermodynamics and geometry, mathematical equations about valve ball density, gas liquid ratio and lag angle of the new oil-gas mixture pumps export ball valve are derived and estab-lished, and then are discussed. The lag angles of export ball valve and the open lag angles of different valve ball material in different working conditions are obtained by theoretical calculation. From the calculation results, it is found that the influence of gas liquid ratio to the lag angle is big, and it is direct proportion relationship, the proportionality coefficient is determined by the inlet and outlet pressure of pump, the rotor size, the valve ball density, the specific heat ratio of gas and the size of ball valve. The influence law of valve ball density on the lag angle is obtained through calculation, that is, the lag angle increases with the increase of the valve ball density, but such effect is comparatively less. Research on the change rule of the ball valve lag angle has significant meaning to improve the ball valve characteristics, and the establishment of the lag angle equation pro-vides a theoretical reference for the follow-up research of the pump valve.%依据工程热力学与几何学相关知识，推导并建立了阀球密度、气液比与新型油气混输泵出口球阀滞后角之间的数学方程式，并对方程式进行了讨论。通过理论计算得到了不同工况时出口球阀的滞后角及不同阀球材质球阀的开启滞后角。由计算结果可得，气液比对滞后角影响较大，且两者为正比例关系，比例系数由泵的泵进出口压力、转子尺寸、阀球密度、气体介质的比热比、球阀尺寸确定。由计算得到了阀球密度对滞后角的影响规律，滞后角随阀球密度的增加而增加，但阀球密度对滞后角的影响较小。研究球阀滞后角的变化规律对改善球阀特性具有重要意义，滞后角方程式为该泵球阀的实验研究提供理论参考。
  • 摘要：CAP1400 reactor vessel internals ( RVI) is defined as a"prototype", and it is necessary to carry out the RVI flow-induced vibration simulation test to confirm the flow-induced vibration is acceptable. The design of test model and measure point arrangement should insure the test data is accurate, and make appropriate simplification to meet the requirments of man-ufacturing and installation.%CAP1400反应堆堆内构件为原型堆内构件，根据RG1.20《预运行和初始启动试验期间堆内构件综合评估大纲》[1]的要求，有必要对堆内构件进行流致振动模拟试验，即进行CAP1400堆内构件流致振动模拟试验研究项目，以验证堆内构件的流致振动水平在可接受范围内。试验件的设计及测点布置应充分考虑试验数据的准确性、制造的工艺性及测点的可达性，在此基础上真实反映CAP1400堆内构件流致振动情况。
  • 摘要：As a new technology, the rod-less water-powered pumping system has not been putting into use largely, so the re-quired failure diagnosis data is relatively scarce. In order to solve this problem, the fault simulation experiment platform for rod-less water-powered pumping unit is constructed after the research of hydraulic and production technology;and an integrat-ed control method of PLC and HMI touch screen in the rod-less water-powered pumping unit is also put forward based on PLC and HMI technology. The working principle and process of the fault simulation experiment platform for rod-less water-powered pumping unit are then expounded;the HMI touch screen and PLC programming method and its application are given as well. The results show that:such fault simulation experiment platform is able to provide a large number of failure data for study, and the successful application of prototype shows that the rod-less oil pumping machine has important significance to improve the operating efficiency of pumping unit.%水基动力无杆抽油机作为一项新技术，尚未大规模的投入使用，所以对其进行故障诊断需要的数据比较匮乏。为了解决这一问题，在研究了液压技术和采油技术后搭建了针对水基动力无杆抽油机的故障模拟实验台。并在PLC与HMI触摸屏技术的基础上，提出了PLC与HMI触摸屏在无杆抽油机中的集成控制方法。阐述了无杆抽油机系统故障模拟试验台的工作原理和工作过程，给出了HMI触摸屏和PLC编程方法及应用情况。结果表明：水基动力抽油机故障模拟试验台能够提供大量的故障数据以供研究，样机的成功应用表明无杆抽油机对提高抽油机的运行效率有重要的意义。
  • 摘要：With the rapid development of robot technology, industrial robots have been widely used in machining fields. Com-bined the relevant development of robotics and the current developing condition of industrial robots, a brief review on research of its application in machining is proposed, such as trajectory planning, offline programming, machining accuracy and error compensation, and stiffness. Then the advantages and disadvantages of industrial robots in machining application, and future trends are proposed.%随着工业机器人技术的快速发展，其在机械加工领域得到了广泛的应用。结合目前工业机器人产业的发展，在分析国内外其发展现状的基础上，就工业机器人在轨迹规划、离线编程、加工精度和误差补偿、刚度等相关方面技术的研究，综合其在机械加工中的应用作简要的综述。总结了工业机器人在机械加工领域应用的优缺点，以及未来发展的趋势。

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