分子生物学方法在鉴定双歧杆菌中的应用

摘要

依靠传统生理生化、菌落表观形态等鉴定双歧杆菌，很难区分生化相近的菌株，例如双歧杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌或者动物双歧杆菌和乳酸双歧杆菌，这给食品风险监测和卫生监督带来严峻的挑战。随着分子生物学方法的成熟，大量分子生物学方法成为了鉴定双歧杆菌种属高效的鉴定方法，这些分子生物学方法包括16S rRNA基因序列、小分子保守序列hsp60、多重PCR、核糖体DNA序列扩增片段限制性内切酶分析（ARDRA）、变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）、脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）以及能够对样品中双歧杆菌进行鉴别和定量的实时荧光定量PCR技术。本文对分子生物学方法在鉴定双歧杆菌的应用进行了综述。%It is difficult to identify similar bifidobacteria of biochemical characteristics based on physiological and biochemical property, phenotypic patterns, such as distinction between Bifidobacterium longum and Bifi-dobacterium infantis or Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactisis. There are a lot of molecular meth-ods to identify Bifidobacterium sp. including 16SrRNA, hsp60, multiplex PCR, amplified ribosomal DNA re-striction analysis(ARDRA), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE), and pulsed-field gel elec trophoresis(PFGE). Real-time PCR or Q-PCR which will be soon an interesting tool for the detection, identifi-cation and quantification of Bifidobacteria spp. In this review, molecular methods for the detection, identifica-tion and quantification of Bifidobacteria sp. are outlined.