BACKGROUND: Silicosis is a serious disease that harms human’s health. So far, there has been no effective treatment strategy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on silicosis. METHODS: Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group, mice received intrateacheal injection of physiological saline. Mice from the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group received intrateacheal injection of silica crystals (SiO2) to establish silicosis mouse models. In the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfused into the tail vein at 6 hours after silicosis induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hydroxyproline content in lung parenchyma in the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group were significantly higher compared to the control group (P <0.01). The hydrocyproline content in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). The lung index in the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01), but the lung index was significantly lower in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group than in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). Interleukin-1β expression in the lung tissue was significantly higher in the silicosis model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and interleukin-1β expression in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). Transforming growth factor β1 expression in the lung tissue was significantly higher in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group (P < 0.05) than that in the control group, and transforming growth factor β1 expression was significantly lower in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the silicosis model group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can al eviate pulmonary inflammatory reaction and pulmonary fibrosis.% 背景：矽肺对职业人群健康的影响日益严峻，目前没有有效治疗的方法。目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞移植对矽肺的治疗作用。方法：36只 C57BL/6小鼠随机摸球法均分为3组。对照组小鼠气管内注入生理盐水；矽肺模型组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组小鼠气管内注入二氧化硅混悬液建立矽肺模型；骨髓间充质干细胞移植组于造模后6 h 尾静脉输注骨髓间充质干细胞。结果与结论：肺组织羟脯氨酸的含量矽肺模型组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组高于对照组，差异均有显著性意义(P <0.01)；骨髓间充质干细胞移植组含量明显低于矽肺模型组，差异有显著性意义(P <0.01)。矽肺模型组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组小鼠的肺系数均高于对照组(P <0.01)，其中骨髓间充质干细胞移植组低于矽肺模型组，差异有显著性意义(P <0.01)。白细胞介素1β的表达矽肺模型组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组高于对照组(P <0.01)；骨髓间充质干细胞移植组低于矽肺模型组，差异均有显著性意义(P <0.01)。转化生长因子β1在肺组织中的表达同样为矽肺模型组(P <0.01)和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组(P <0.05)高于对照组；骨髓间充质干细胞移植组低于矽肺模型组，差异有显著性意义(P <0.01)。说明骨髓间充质干细胞移植可以减轻肺部炎症反应和纤维化程度。
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