黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及群落结构分析

摘要

The status of fish species composition and community structure were studied in Shanxi section of the mainstream Yellow River in June and August of 2011. A total of 42 species belonging to 9 families and 5 orders were identified, the predominant species being in family Cyprinidae, 24 species, accounting for 57%of the total species collected. The predominant species included common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Hemiculter leucisculus, oriental sheatfish (Silurus asotus), crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), with more small fish species and miniaturization in size. The differences in species composition and diversity analysis revealed that there was significant spatial differentiation in fish community among different sections of the river, especially high fish species richness and diversity level and stable community structures in Fenglingdu, Liujiapan, Guanhekou and Shengtianhu sections. However, there was less species and relatively simple fish community in Jundu and Laoniuwan sections. Compared with the previous data, fish abundance was found to be decreased and community structure to be greatly changed in Shanxi section of the mainstream Yellow River, which is attributed to water pollution, construction of hydraulic engineering infrastructure and over-fishing.%2011年6月3日~6月21日和8月2日~8月20日，调查了黄河干流山西段鱼类组成的现状及群落结构特征。结果表明，全段共采集鱼类42种，隶属5目9科，其中以鲤科鱼类最多，共24种，占总种数的57%。渔获物数据表明，该流域小型鱼类较多，小型化现象明显，优势种为鲤、残、鲶、鲫，和麦穗鱼。物种组成差异和多样性分析结果表明，不同河段鱼类群落有明显的空间分异，风陵渡、刘家畔、关河口、圣天湖物种丰富，多样性水平高，群落结构稳定，而军渡和老牛湾物种少，群落较为简单。与历史资料相比，黄河干流山西段鱼类物种数减少，群落结构发生了较大变化。水体污染、大量水工建筑以及过度捕捞等因素是导致变化的主要原因。