黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及其产卵场、索饵场和越冬场分布的调查

摘要

The fish composition and distributions of spawning ground, nursery ground and wintering ground(three grounds) in Shanxi section of the mainstream Yellow River were surveyed from 2010 to 2012. A total of 43 species belonging to 6 orders and 10 families were collected at 6 sampling stations, including 42 native fishes such as common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, crucian carp Caras-sius auratus(Linnacus), catfish Parasilurus asotus(Linnaeus), Squaliobarus curriculus(Richardson), and Amuride Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski), and 1 exotic species pond smelt Hypomesus olidus(Pallas) at Wanjiazhai. There were 7 main spawning grounds, nursery grounds and wintering grounds (three grounds) in Shanxi section of the mainstream Yellow River. The survey showed that the riv-er-reservoir ecology was observed in the section from Wanjiazhai to Tianqiao, where the three grounds were small in size and scattered distribution, with more small fish species. In the canyon section from Tianqiao to Yumenkou, the three grounds were primarily dis-tributed in Qikou section, with less fish species stocks. In the section below Yumenkou, however, abundant fish resources and three grounds were found, with better ecological environment. The measurements for protection of the fish resources and spawning ground, nursery ground and wintering ground are also suggested in Shanxi section of the mainstream Yellow River.%2010～2012年设置6个断面，调查黄河干流山西段的鱼类组成及其产卵场、索饵场和越冬场（三场）的分布。调查期间，共采集到43种鱼类，分属6目10科，包括鲤Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus、鲫Carassius auratus（Lin-nacus）、鲶 Parasilurus asotus（Linnaeus）、赤眼鳟 Squaliobarus curriculus（Richardson）、瓦氏雅罗鱼 Leuciscus waleckii（Dybowski）、黄河鮈Gobio huanghensis Lo,Yao et Chen等土著鱼类42种，外来种主要是在万家寨库区引进的池沼公鱼Hypomesus olidus（Pallas）。河段“三场”主要有7个。黄河干流山西段鱼类分布呈现了万家寨至天桥段的“河流-水库”生态类型，鱼类“三场”小而散，但鱼类种类较多，以小型鱼类为主；天桥至禹门口峡谷段，生物多样性低，“三场”主要分布在碛口段，种类和资源量少；禹门口段以下则鱼类资源较为丰富，鱼类“三场”分布多，生态环境较好。本文还提出了保护和养护黄河干流山西段鱼类资源和产卵场、索饵场、越冬场的措施。