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心理学,军事

心理学,军事的相关文献在2000年到2020年内共计65篇,主要集中在基础医学、特种医学、神经病学与精神病学 等领域,其中期刊论文65篇、专利文献8391篇;相关期刊18种,包括中华健康管理学杂志、解放军医学杂志、中华航空航天医学杂志等; 心理学,军事的相关文献由215位作者贡献,包括张倩、杜士君、彭艳红等。

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心理学,军事

-研究学者

  • 张倩
  • 杜士君
  • 彭艳红
  • 黄秀琴
  • 骆利
  • 李兆申
  • 王择青
  • 黄文
  • 范群铭
  • 张文娟
  • 期刊论文
  • 专利文献

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    • 毕娜; 余兴艳; 张立宏; 张文翠; 章意; 张亚茹; 周曦
    • 摘要: 目的 编制军事训练伤快速心理测评量表,分析军事训练伤伤员心理状态及影响因素,并提出干预措施.方法 选取2018年12月-2019年10月解放军总医院第八医学中心骨科中心收治的105例军事训练伤伤员,采用自行设计的军事训练伤快速心理测评量表评估伤后1~10d伤员焦虑和抑郁评分,观察伤员年龄、职级、受伤部位、伤类、受伤到接受外科治疗间隔时间、执行任务性质、Barthel指数、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)对伤员发生焦虑和抑郁的影响程度,采用CHISS 2011统计软件进行统计学分析.结果 军事训练伤快速心理测评量表的专家效度为0.893.快速焦虑测评量表Cronbach's α系数为0.754,效度为0.997,常模为(10.54±2.80)分;快速抑郁量表Cronbach's α系数为0.749,效度为0.997,常模为(11.60±3.22)分.伤后7d,伤员快速焦虑评分为(13.70±3.12)分,与常模比较差异有统计学意义(t=-10.588,P<0.01);快速抑郁评分为(11.83±2.99)分,与常模比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.687,P>0.05).Cox回归分析显示,从受伤到接受外科治疗间隔时间、PSSS评分与军事训练伤伤员焦虑水平相关(P<0.05);执行任务性质和接受外科治疗时间与军事训练伤后抑郁水平相关(P<0.05).结论 本研究构建的军事训练伤快速心理测评量表性能良好.轻度和中度焦虑情绪是军事训练伤伤员心理干预的重点;及早实施有效处置、尽快恢复生活自理能力、有效的社会支持,可以改善军事训练伤伤员的心理状态.
    • 黄华; 王永堂; 汤竣杰; 冯爽; 陈兴栋; 毛敏; 王海燕; 李森; 龙在云; 鲁秀敏
    • 摘要: 从我国安全形势分析,近年军事冲突潜在风险主要集中在特殊地理环境.特殊环境一般分为作业环境和自然环境两个方面.特殊自然环境有环境极端恶劣、交通不便、通信不佳、极高/低温、空气稀薄、氧分压低、偏僻荒凉等特点,如高原极寒、干旱沙漠等环境;特殊作业环境指的是相对封闭狭小的空间,噪声污染严重、温度高、湿度大、干燥蒸发大等,如战机驾驶舱、潜艇内环境、水面舰艇、装甲车车内等军事作业环境.在特殊自然环境长时间作业经常处于高度紧张状态,心理疲劳、精神紧张、倦怠、心理应激障碍比较突出;而特殊作业环境则更易导致活动受到限制、工作角色单一,工作重复率极高,易产生烦躁、低落、紧张、易怒等负面情绪.特殊环境下作业不仅对身体产生巨大影响,对心理健康也损害严重.本研究综述在特殊环境下作业的军事人员在高原高寒、干旱沙漠、高温高湿环境、高空及水上/下作业的特殊环境心理应激状况,并对相关因素进行分析,期望能对特殊环境下作业的军事人员在心理应激的诊治及预防方面提供一定的启示.
    • 席斐; 杨芳; 秦双红; 车楠; 邵中军; 张磊
    • 摘要: Objective To survey the psychological characteristics of coping style and control capacity of the officers and soldiers in a satellite control center,and to explore its influence factors.Methods Characteristics of coping styles questionnaire and internal control,powerful others and chance scale (internal,powerful others,chance,IPC),were used by cross-sectional study methods in the survey for 502 officers and soldiers.Their basic information was treated by descriptive analysis and frequency analysis.The psychological characteristics of coping styles and psychological control conditions were analyzed by t-test.The psychological characteristics of coping styles and psychological control were investigated by correlation analysis,and the psychological characteristics of coping styles and control related factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results The negative coping and positive coping scores of 502 officers and soldiers were 18.00 + 6.05 and 38.65 ± 5.35 respectively.The negative coping scores were significantly lower than those in normal mode (P< 0.01),and the positive coping scores were significantly higher than those in normal mode (P<0.01).The average scores of IPC were 34.69±4.56,20.46± 6.03 and 20.11 ± 5.41 respectively.The bivariate correlation analysis of the psychological control ability and other factors showed that the negative response of the officers and soldiers had a weak negative correlation with the nature of work,education background,and the job level.The powerful others had a weak negative correlation with gender,and chance had a weak negative correlation with job level and education background.All 5 indexes of the two analyses had certain correlation with the degree of work like and the degree of fatigue.Conclusions The main factors that affect the psychological characteristics of coping style and control capacity are the nature of work,education background,job level,degree of work like and degree of fatigue.The soldiers' continuing education,psychological instruction and consultation should be strengthened to cope with the disproportions on gender,job level and education background.And the psychological coping ability and control ability of officers and soldiers would be improved by enhancing their working interest and alleviating fatigue to gain better psychological health and working capacity and efficiency.%目的 调查卫星测控中心官兵在心理特征应对方式及控制能力现状,探讨其影响因素.方法 采用横断面研究方法,使用特征应对方式量表和内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表(internal,powerful others,chance,IPC),对502名官兵进行问卷调查.对参与调查的官兵基本情况采用描述性分析和频率分析,心理特征应对方式状况和心理控制能力状况采用t检验,心理特征应对方式和心理控制能力采用相关分析,心理特征应对方式和控制能力的相关因素采用多元线性回归分析.结果 502名官兵特征应对量表的消极应对和积极应对平均分值分别为18.00±6.05和38.65±5.35;消极应对分值低于常模(P<0.01),积极应对分值高于常模(P<0.01).IPC量表中内控性、有势力的他人和机遇平均分值分别为34.69±4.56、20.46±6.03和20.11±5.41.心理控制能力与各因素的双变量相关分析显示,被测官兵的消极应对与工作性质、学历及职务级别呈微弱负相关.有势力的他人与性别呈微弱负相关,机遇与级别及学历呈微弱负相关.两项调查的5项指标均与工作喜欢程度和工作疲劳程度呈一定的相关性. 结论 影响心理特征应对方式和控制能力的因素主要有工作性质、学历、级别、工作喜欢程度和疲劳程度.应根据部队现实情况,加强对士兵的继续教育、心理辅导和心理咨询,并通过提高工作兴趣,降低工作疲劳程度,从而增强官兵的心理特征应对能力和控制能力,提高心理健康水平,增强工作能力和效率.
    • 赵梦雪; 杨国愉; 贺英; 王立菲; 王皖曦
    • 摘要: 目的 评价野战部队新兵适应性心理健康教育的效果.方法 抽取某野战部队2012年入伍的新兵1244名,按建制连分为实验组(n=568)和对照组(n=676).实验组新兵参加10次适应性心理健康教育,对照组不参加.分别于干预前后采用军人心理素质量表(MQQA)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、状态特质焦虑问卷(STAI)和自编适应性心理健康教育评价表对两组新兵进行心理测评并进行组间比较.结果 与干预前比较,实验组干预后MQQA各维度得分均显著增高(P<0.001),对照组除忠诚维度变化不显著(P>0.05)外,其余各维度得分均显著增高(P<0.001);除自信维度外,教育干预对实验组心理素质提升的程度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).与干预前比较,实验组干预后SCL-90各因子分和总分均显著降低(P<0.001),对照组除恐怖因子和其他因子(P>0.05)外,其余各因子分均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);除躯体化因子(P>0.05)外,教育干预对实验组心理健康水平提升的程度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).与干预前比较,两组干预后的焦虑、抑郁、状态焦虑、特质焦虑得分均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);教育干预对实验组状态焦虑、特质焦虑的缓解作用明显优于对照组(P<0.00l).与干预前比较,干预后实验组新兵在心理健康教育30个主观评价项目上的得分均明显提高(P<0.001).结论 适应性心理健康教育对提升野战部队新兵心理素质、心理健康水平、情绪状态和积极认知有显著效果.
    • 张文娟; 张倩; 杜士君; 黄秀琴; 彭艳红; 骆利; 郭芳芳; 薛亚男
    • 摘要: Objective To explore the subjective effect of super-brief psychological intervention on large groups during military training. Methods A total of 3200 officers and soldiers underwent the super-brief psychological interven-tion for large groups during military training tasks using paired samples before and after the experiments and the self-de-signed questionnaires before and after the intervention,and 2314 valid questionnaires were retrieved,and the valid rate was 72. 31%. Results Compared with those before the intervention,the score of psychological anxiety degree was sig-nificantly decreased,while scores of mental and physical,emotional,cognitive and team modules were significantly high-er after the intervention(P<0. 001);90. 62% of the officers and soldiers considered that the intervention had regulated the mental attitude,and satisfaction rates of the intervention methods and contents were 83. 66% and 80. 59% respective-ly;the experienced leaders had better results than that of the new leaders(P<0. 05). Conclusion Super-brief psycho-logical intervention on super-large groups may effectively reduce the annoyance degree and improve the mental state of the officers and soldiers. Strengthening the leadership training is important to improve the intervention efficacy.%目的:探讨军事演习任务中实施超大型超短程团体心理干预的主观疗效。方法采用配对样本前后测实验设计,使用自编的课前、课后调查问卷对参加超大型超短程团体心理干预的3200名官兵进行调查,收回有效问卷2314份,有效率为72.31%。结果干预后心理烦恼评分明显低于干预前,身心、情绪、认知和团队模块评分高于干预前( P<0.001);90.62%的官兵认为干预后动对心态调节有作用,对干预活动方式和内容的满意度分别为83.66%和80.59%;经验丰富的领导者干预效果优于新培训的领导者( P <0.05)。结论超大型超短程团体心理干预短时间内可以有效地降低军事演习任务中官兵的烦恼程度、改善心情状态。加强领导者的培训对提高干预活动的疗效有重要意义。
    • 彭艳红; 张倩; 黄秀琴; 杜士君; 朱玲
    • 摘要: Objective To explore the relationship between social cognition bias and occupational environment of different occupational posts in one PLA unit. Methods A total of 53 frontier soldiers,48 armed policemen and 46 peacekeeping soldiers underwent detection of social cognition bias scale( SCBS),and the results were compared with that of the norms. Results The differences in scores of social aggression,social depression and anxiety dimensions of SCBS, and total score of social cognition bias between frontier soldiers and the norms showed no statistical significances( P >0. 05);social aggression score was significantly higher,while the social depression and anxiety scores,and total score of peacekeeping soldiers were significantly lower than those of the norms,the aggression and depression scores,and total score of social congnition bias of armed policemen were significantly lower than those of the norms( P0.05);维和战士社会攻击分高于常模,社会抑郁、社会焦虑和社会偏离总分均低于常模,武警社会攻击、社会抑郁评分和社会认知偏离总分均低于常模( P<0.01);边防战士社会攻击分低于维和军人,但高于武警,社会抑郁、社会焦虑分均高于维和军人和武警,社会认知偏离总分高于维和军人,而武警社会攻击分低于维和军人,社会焦虑分高于维和军人( P <0.05,P <0.01)。结论不同职业军人的社会认知偏离程度不同,可能与职业环境有一定关系。
    • 薛亚男; 张倩; 杜士君; 黄秀琴; 彭艳红; 骆利; 郭芳芳; 张文娟
    • 摘要: 目的:探讨超大型超短程团体心理干预活动在执行重大军事演习任务中的效果。方法对475名参加重大军事联演任务的官兵进行心理干预,分别在心理干预前、后对参与者进行主观问卷调查,收回有效问卷395份,有效率83.16%。结果干预后心情指数较干预前提高(P 〈0.01);92.15%的官兵认为干预活动对当前调整心态有帮助。对各模块主观疗效评价:身心模块疗效最好,其次为团队、情绪、认知模块;对各模块具体活动步骤效果的排序中分析发现,亲自体验、医生示范主观评价较高。干预的远期疗效:在参加该类活动一次以上的55名中,对上次活动有印象的人数占83.64%,认为上次活动对现在的心情有帮助的占72.73%。结论超大型超短程团体心理干预活动可以在短时间内调整军事人员的心理健康状态,且干预活动具有远期疗效。
    • 刘潇荃; 张倩; 黄秀琴; 杜士君; 骆利; 彭艳红
    • 摘要: 目的:探讨参加军事任务军人社会认知偏离与社会支持的关系。方法对2006-2010年参加军事任务的394名军人进行社会认知偏离量表( SCBS)和社会支持量表的测定,并进行相关性分析和回归分析。结果 SCBS各因子分与社会支持总分、主观支持和支持利用度因子分间存在负相关(P〈0.05,P〈0.01)。回归分析结果显示,在以 SCBS各因子为因变量的回归方程中,主观支持和支持利用度因子进入方程,且主观支持较支持利用度对因变量贡献更大。结论社会支持与社会认知偏离存在显著负相关,主观支持和支持利用度可以有效地预测社会认知偏离,其中主观支持对于社会认知偏离的预测意义更大。
    • 刘潇荃; 张倩; 黄秀琴; 杜士君; 骆利; 彭艳红
    • 摘要: Objective To explore the relationship between the social cognition bias and social support for army-men during military missions. Methods A total of 394 military personnel during military missions from 2006 to 2010 un-derwent the detections of social cognition bias scales( SCBS)and social support scale,and the results were given correla-tion and regression analysis. Results Each factor score of SCBS was negatively related to scores of total social support, subjective support and factors of support utilization degrees significantly( P <0. 05,P <0. 01 ). Regression analysis showed that the SCBS of each factor was divided into the dependent variables in the regression equation,and subjective support and support utilization factor were taken into the final equation,and the subjective support had greater contribu-tion compared with that by the support utilization degrees. Conclusion Social support has significantly negative correla-tion with social cognition bias,and subjective support and support utilization degrees may effectively predict the social cognition bias,in which the subjective support has better prediction significance compared with that by social cognitive deviation.%目的:探讨参加军事任务军人社会认知偏离与社会支持的关系。方法对2006-2010年参加军事任务的394名军人进行社会认知偏离量表( SCBS)和社会支持量表的测定,并进行相关性分析和回归分析。结果 SCBS各因子分与社会支持总分、主观支持和支持利用度因子分间存在负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。回归分析结果显示,在以 SCBS各因子为因变量的回归方程中,主观支持和支持利用度因子进入方程,且主观支持较支持利用度对因变量贡献更大。结论社会支持与社会认知偏离存在显著负相关,主观支持和支持利用度可以有效地预测社会认知偏离,其中主观支持对于社会认知偏离的预测意义更大。
    • 薛亚男; 张倩; 杜士君; 黄秀琴; 彭艳红; 骆利; 郭芳芳; 张文娟
    • 摘要: 目的:探讨超大型超短程团体心理干预活动在执行重大军事演习任务中的效果。方法对475名参加重大军事联演任务的官兵进行心理干预,分别在心理干预前、后对参与者进行主观问卷调查,收回有效问卷395份,有效率83.16%。结果干预后心情指数较干预前提高(P <0.01);92.15%的官兵认为干预活动对当前调整心态有帮助。对各模块主观疗效评价:身心模块疗效最好,其次为团队、情绪、认知模块;对各模块具体活动步骤效果的排序中分析发现,亲自体验、医生示范主观评价较高。干预的远期疗效:在参加该类活动一次以上的55名中,对上次活动有印象的人数占83.64%,认为上次活动对现在的心情有帮助的占72.73%。结论超大型超短程团体心理干预活动可以在短时间内调整军事人员的心理健康状态,且干预活动具有远期疗效。%Objective To explore the effect of super-brief psychological intervention on super-large groups dur-ing major joint military exercise. Methods A total of 475 officers and soldiers,who participated in important joint mili-tary exercise,underwent the psychological intervention,and the questionnaires were filled in before and after the inter-vention. A total of 395 valid questionnaires were involved in the study,and the valid rate was 83. 16%. Results After the intervention,level of mood index increased compared with that before the intervention(P<0. 01);92. 15% of the officers and soldiers considered that the intervention was useful to regulate the current mental attitude. The effect of 4 modules was that mental and physical modules were the best,followed by team,emotion managing and cognition reason-ing modules;the effect analysis of each module showed that personal experience and the doctor's demonstration had better subjective evaluation. Among 55 officers and soldiers,who had taken part in such intervention at least once,83. 64%had memory of the last intervention,and 72. 73% thought the last intervention was helpful to the current mood adjust-ment. Conclusion Super-brief psychological intervention on super-large groups may effectively adjust the mood state of officers and soldiers with long-term effect in a short time.
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