摘要:
Objective To survey the psychological characteristics of coping style and control capacity of the officers and soldiers in a satellite control center,and to explore its influence factors.Methods Characteristics of coping styles questionnaire and internal control,powerful others and chance scale (internal,powerful others,chance,IPC),were used by cross-sectional study methods in the survey for 502 officers and soldiers.Their basic information was treated by descriptive analysis and frequency analysis.The psychological characteristics of coping styles and psychological control conditions were analyzed by t-test.The psychological characteristics of coping styles and psychological control were investigated by correlation analysis,and the psychological characteristics of coping styles and control related factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results The negative coping and positive coping scores of 502 officers and soldiers were 18.00 + 6.05 and 38.65 ± 5.35 respectively.The negative coping scores were significantly lower than those in normal mode (P< 0.01),and the positive coping scores were significantly higher than those in normal mode (P<0.01).The average scores of IPC were 34.69±4.56,20.46± 6.03 and 20.11 ± 5.41 respectively.The bivariate correlation analysis of the psychological control ability and other factors showed that the negative response of the officers and soldiers had a weak negative correlation with the nature of work,education background,and the job level.The powerful others had a weak negative correlation with gender,and chance had a weak negative correlation with job level and education background.All 5 indexes of the two analyses had certain correlation with the degree of work like and the degree of fatigue.Conclusions The main factors that affect the psychological characteristics of coping style and control capacity are the nature of work,education background,job level,degree of work like and degree of fatigue.The soldiers' continuing education,psychological instruction and consultation should be strengthened to cope with the disproportions on gender,job level and education background.And the psychological coping ability and control ability of officers and soldiers would be improved by enhancing their working interest and alleviating fatigue to gain better psychological health and working capacity and efficiency.%目的 调查卫星测控中心官兵在心理特征应对方式及控制能力现状,探讨其影响因素.方法 采用横断面研究方法,使用特征应对方式量表和内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表(internal,powerful others,chance,IPC),对502名官兵进行问卷调查.对参与调查的官兵基本情况采用描述性分析和频率分析,心理特征应对方式状况和心理控制能力状况采用t检验,心理特征应对方式和心理控制能力采用相关分析,心理特征应对方式和控制能力的相关因素采用多元线性回归分析.结果 502名官兵特征应对量表的消极应对和积极应对平均分值分别为18.00±6.05和38.65±5.35;消极应对分值低于常模(P<0.01),积极应对分值高于常模(P<0.01).IPC量表中内控性、有势力的他人和机遇平均分值分别为34.69±4.56、20.46±6.03和20.11±5.41.心理控制能力与各因素的双变量相关分析显示,被测官兵的消极应对与工作性质、学历及职务级别呈微弱负相关.有势力的他人与性别呈微弱负相关,机遇与级别及学历呈微弱负相关.两项调查的5项指标均与工作喜欢程度和工作疲劳程度呈一定的相关性. 结论 影响心理特征应对方式和控制能力的因素主要有工作性质、学历、级别、工作喜欢程度和疲劳程度.应根据部队现实情况,加强对士兵的继续教育、心理辅导和心理咨询,并通过提高工作兴趣,降低工作疲劳程度,从而增强官兵的心理特征应对能力和控制能力,提高心理健康水平,增强工作能力和效率.