摘要：
为明确广东烟区土壤有效磷含量现状及演变特征,采用对比分析方法,探讨了2000年和2012年广东烟区不同产区、不同类型土壤有效磷含量及12年间的变化趋势.结果表明,广东烟区土壤有效磷平均含量为44.92 mg/kg,处于"盈余"水平,分别有31.75%和13.02%的土壤有效磷处于"盈余"和"缺乏"水平.韶关、梅州和清远产区土壤有效磷含量分别为29.03、122.61和22.61 mg/kg,其中韶关和清远产区总体上处于"丰富"水平,梅州产区总体上处于高度"盈余"水平;植烟面积较大的紫色土、牛肝田、砂泥田有效磷平均含量分别为15.43、31.95和74.34 mg/kg,总体上分别处于"适中"、"丰富"、"盈余"水平.12年间(2000—2012)广东烟区整体上土壤有效磷含量增加23.89 mg/kg,韶关和梅州产区土壤有效磷含量分别增加10.64和97.27 mg/kg;紫色土、牛肝田和砂泥田土壤有效磷含量分别增加5.53、12.19、46.97 mg/kg.广东烟区总体上存在施磷过度及土壤有效磷不同程度的"盈余"现状,建议在梅州产区及砂泥田土壤隔年施磷、牛肝田减半施磷、其他土壤类型正常施磷,以减少磷肥投入、降低肥料成本、促进广东省优质烟叶生产的持续发展和保护烟区生态环境.%The purpose of this study is to clarify the present situation and evolution characteristics of soil available phosphorus in Guangdong tobacco-growing areas. The content of available phosphorus in different production areas and different types of soil in 2000 and 2012 were determined by comparative analysis. The results showed that the average content of available phosphorus in soil was 44.92 mg/kg in Guangdong tobacco-growing areas, it was at the "surplus" level as a whole, with 31.75% and 13.02% of soil available phosphorus content at the levels of "surplus" and "deficiency", respectively. The soil available phosphorus contents in Shaoguan, Meizhou and Qingyuan areas were 29.03, 122.61 and 22.61 mg/kg, respectively, in which Shaoguan and Qingyuan areas were at the "rich" level, Meizhou production area was at the high "surplus" level. The average soil available phosphorus contents in purple soil, beef live field and sand mud field was 15.43, 31.95 and 74.34 mg/kg, at the "moderate", "rich" and "surplus" levels, respectively. During the 12 years (2000-2012), the soil available phosphorus contents in the whole province, and in Shaoguan and Meizhou tobacco-growing areas were increased by 3.89, 10.64 and 97.27 mg/kg respectively. For the different soil types, that of purple soil, beef live field and sand mud field were increased by 5.53, 12.19 and 46.97 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the soil phosphorus management in Guangdong tobacco-growing areas was recommended as the following: to apply phosphorus fertilizer every other year in Meizhou tobacco-growing areas and in sand mud field, to reduce phosphate fertilization by half in beef live field, and to apply phosphate fertilizer normally in other types of soil, which could promote the sustainable development of high-quality tobacco leaf production and protect the ecological environment of the tobacco-growing areas.
