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A low-cost, sulfurization free approach to control optical and electronic properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 via precursor variation

机译:一种低成本,无硫化的方法,通过前体变化控制Cu 2 Znsns 4 的光学和电子特性

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摘要

Thin films of CuZnSnS (CZTS) were synthesized via a low cost, wet chemical technique of chemical bath deposition (CBD). In the first part of this study, the chemical composition ratio S/(Cu+Zn+Sn) was varied keeping Cu/(Zn + Sn) and Zn/Sn ratios constant to study the effect of sulfur variation. Detailed electrical and optical characterization has been carried out using UV-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) techniques. The results of the present study confirm that near ideal stoichiometry could be achieved in CZTS by adding excess thiourea in a controlled manner which eliminated the need for an additional step of sulfurization. Using the stoichiometric sample as the basis, in the second part of the study Cu/(Zn+Sn) and Zn/Sn was varied and it was found that the electronic properties of CZTS in terms of band gap, work function and valence band edge position could be controlled by precursor variation. KPFM was used to qualitatively evaluate the photoresponse of the films and the Cu-poor, Zn-rich samples showed the best photoresponse out of all the samples which has been attributed to a decrease in the Cu type defects. The study thus demonstrates a scalable and low-cost technique to grow CZTS absorber layers for solar cells with control over its electronic properties which is important for effective device operation.
机译:通过低成本的化学浴沉积湿化学技术(CBD)合成了CuZnSnS(CZTS)薄膜。在本研究的第一部分中,改变化学成分比S /(Cu + Zn + Sn)保持Cu /(Zn + Sn)和Zn / Sn比值恒定,以研究硫变化的影响。使用紫外可见光谱,X射线衍射,X射线光电子能谱,拉曼光谱和开尔文探针力显微镜(KPFM)技术已经进行了详细的电学和光学表征。本研究的结果证实,通过以受控方式添加过量的硫脲,可以在CZTS中实现接近理想的化学计量,从而消除了额外的硫化步骤。在第二部分研究中,以化学计量样品为基础,改变了Cu /(Zn + Sn)和Zn / Sn,发现CZTS在带隙,功函数和价带边缘方面的电子性质位置可以通过前体变化来控制。 KPFM用于定性评估膜的光响应,而贫铜,富锌样品在所有样品中显示出最佳的光响应,这归因于铜型缺陷的减少。因此,该研究证明了可扩展且低成本的技术,该技术可用于控制太阳能电池的CZTS吸收层,并控制其电子性能,这对于有效的器件操作非常重要。

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