Student Attitudes Toward Competitive Cooperative and Individualistic ClassroomGoal Structures

摘要

This study contrasted student attitudes toward goal interdependence and socialinterdependence characterizations of competitive, cooperative, and individualistic goal structures in educational settings by examining their interrelationships; sociability, need for social comparison, and fear of failure; and predictive abilities. College students attitudes toward competitive and cooperative goal structures were statistically unrelated as were student attitudes toward competitive and individualistic goal structures. Student attitudes toward cooperative and individualistic goal structures significantly and negatively related. The Social Interdependence Cooperation and Individualism Scales (Johnson Norem-Hebeison, 1979) were unable to predict student attitudes toward grade characterizations of goal interdependent structures, and the Social Interdependence Cooperation scale was found to be a measure of helpfulness not cooperation. The Goal Interdependence Scales predicted students ratings of grade and task interdependencies depicted in several vignettes. The relationship of competition, cooperation, and individualism with their theoretical correlates, were found to depend on how these conditions of goal interdependence were characterized, that is, as grade or task interdependencies.