The application of small group and individual flipped model with WhatsApp to foster EFL learners' cohesive writing skill

摘要

The existence of flipped classrooms has attracted numerous EFL and ESL teachers to investigate many aspects of English skills and elements such as listening, speaking, reading and writing, vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar (Ahmed, 2016; Jehma, 2016; Suranakkharin, 2017 and Unruh et al., 2016. Flipped classroom in an EFL teaching context is defined as EFL teaching and learning activity using electronic media during out of class as well as in-class teaching and learning activities (Herreid and Schiller, 2013). During out of class activities, learners watch and listen to the video and learn essential notes from it. During out of class activities, they deal with task and problem-solving autonomously through the individual and group work learning model (Afrilyasanti et al., 2016). Meanwhile, during classroom teaching and learning, learners are involved interactive classroom discussion (Bishop and Verleger, 2013; Schmitdt and Ralph, 2016). Suranakkharin (2017) wrote that flipped classroom's practicality and efficiency can empower learners to grow up and develop their English mastery if it is compared with the traditional classroom model.