女性主义转向：成年监护制度改革应有之义--兼评《民法总则（草案）》相关规定

摘要

新近《民法总则（草案）》的出台并未撼动中国父权主义成年监护制度基础。女性主义理论认为，传统家父制监护忽略了被监护人的“女性化”事实，将被监护人排除在“理性人”范围之外，否认其存余的意思能力，以便对其进行“控制管理”。因此应将女性关怀伦理引入到成年监护改革中，设计更加合理、公正的“情境化”功能性意思能力评价方法，以“关怀”被监护人的理念矫正传统的父权主义监护措施，以支持型的决定模式取代传统的替代型决定模式，更好地保障被监护人的自由意志及各项权益。%The Draft of General Principle of Civil Law does not change the core of the paternalistic adult guardianship, feminists believe the paternalistic adult guardianship intentionally ignored the fact of the group of wards being feminized, and excluded them from the scope of reasonable man, in order to control them. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce care ethics into the legislation of adult guardianship, design a more just and reasonable contextualized approach to value wards⁃capacity, care about the wards and respect their free will and the capacity that is left in them. In a word, the substitute decision⁃making model needs to be altered into a supported, shared decision⁃making model, to protect the interests of the vulnerable wards.