摘要:无线电陆空通话字母源于国际航空无线电空地交流几十年的实践应用,其独特的语音区分性与惟一性是通话语言有效命名、激活与表征和避免误解的前提条件。语篇语言线索提示和民航背景知识图式在标准字母源词文化语义丧失实现所指语义表征过程中发挥了关键作用,消除了源词语义和文化干扰性,从而避免了交流歧义。%The standard and special characters of English Radiotelephony ( RTFE) have evolved from their practical application in international air-ground radio communication in the past decades.Their phonetic distinctiveness and cultural acceptability serve as the premises of their widespread application in the field of international civil aviation and as the basis of effective naming, priming and representation.In RTF voice communication, standard characters depend solely on contextual clues and schema of aviation background knowledge to prime their prototypes and inherent priming information, ultimately realizing the loss of original cultural meanings, performance of alphabet function and psychological representation of the signified.
摘要:There is some reason in instructional design technical rationality , but there are also misunderstandings:some people misunderstand mediatechnology which features multimedia technology and network technologyand routini -zation and controllability of teaching modelas the representatives of the technical rationality of instructional design . This reflectsnarrow understanding of technique and technical rationality on the part of the critics .Settinginstrumental rationality and value rationality of the instructional design technique in complete opposition will result in a lack of dia -lectical unification .Instructional design technique requires rational criticism and deep reflection .It is important to re-define the concept of instructional design technique through the binding of characteristics and functions of technical rationality.The significance of the reconstruction lies in two aspects: theoretical guidance and practical valuefor the professional development of teachers .%教学设计技术理性批判有一定的合理性,但目前存在很多方面的误区:把以多媒体技术、网络技术为代表的媒体技术和教学模式的程序性、可控性等当成了教学设计技术理性的代表,体现了批判者对技术和技术理性等概念理解的狭隘性倾向;将教学设计技术理性的工具理性与价值理性完全对立起来,又缺乏辩证统一的思维方式。应该对教学设计技术理性的批判进行深刻的反思,结合技术理性的特征及功能,对教学设计技术理性的概念进行合理的重建。重建后的教学设计技术理性的意义主要体现在两个方面,即担负着对教学设计直接的理论指导作用和体现出促进教师专业发展的实践性意义。
摘要:把廉政领域发展为一个专门的、独立的学科,将十分有利于本领域理论的发展、专门人才的培养以及反腐败实践的深入。对学科要素和学科条件等方面的分析表明,廉政是可以发展为一个独立学科的。腐败和反腐败问题的高度复杂性使得廉政学科具有跨学科的突出特点,从中国现行的学科目录体系来看,廉政学科横跨7个学科门类。因此,廉政学科发展的长远目标是成为一个独立的学科门类;中期目标是发展为一个一级学科,且较优选择是归属于管理学门类;近期则可以在多个相关学科下设立廉政方向进行发展。%To develop corruption and anti-corruption ( CAC) research into a special discipline in China will be greatly beneficial to the theoretical study ,education and training of professionals in this area , and also the deepening of anti-corruption practice .By analyzing discipline development elements and conditions , the author finds that it is possible to promote CAC research into an independent discipline .Due to the high complexity of both corruption and anti-cor-ruption, the basic characterization of this discipline is interdisciplinary .Based on the current National Subject System of China, CAC involves an interplay of seven different subject areas .Therefore, the long-term objective for the devel-opment of CAC discipline is to establish an independent discipline;the intermediate goal is to become an independent first-level-discipline affiliated to the management discipline;and the short-term aim is to set up CAC directions under some related existing disciplines .
摘要:中国香港反腐败历程中的局部特赦并非无原则的妥协,妥协并不能使施压方满意,反而引起反腐败信号的混乱与公众信心的动摇。从普遍腐败到高度廉洁的纳什均衡转换当中,当局展现的反腐败决心与发出的信号以及公众对反腐败的信心才是关键,坚定而不是妥协才是反腐败的应取之道。%Partial amnesty in Hong Kong in 1977 is by no means an unprincipled concession .Concession to the pres-sure could be a misleading signal and can only undermine public confidence in the fight against corruption .It is the determination of the authority , clear signal of eradicating corruption and public confidence that counts in the Equilib -rium shift from widespread corruption to clean government .
摘要:除去文化背景的差异,安全是航空公司每一名飞行人员共同的目标。飞行事故产生的原因很多,其中航空人员的人为原因占很大的比重。航空人员违反规章制度,致使发生重大飞行事故的情形应当追究相关航空人员的刑事责任。追究飞行事故中航空人员的刑事责任需要对飞行事故发生的各种原因在刑法意义上进行分析,然而客观联系的复杂性增加了认定因果关系的难度,这就要求对飞行事故发生的各种原因进行区分,以合理地认定航空人员的刑事责任。%Despite of different cultural backgrounds , safety is the priority of every airline pilot .There are various cau-ses for the accidents of airplanes among which man-made ones by the airline staff account for a large proportion .The staff violating rules and regulations , if lead to a major accident , should bear criminal blame for their actions .To in-vestigate the criminal liability of the staff requires analyses on the causesof the accident in a criminal sense .However , it is difficult to decide the causal relationship due to the complexity of objective connections .So a careful study on va-rious causes of the accident is needed to identify the criminal liability of the airline staff reasonably .
摘要:Using the Euler investment model , this paper explores the dynamical effects of social capital investment on financial constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises .Based on the performance of small and medium-sized boardlisting companies of Shenzhen Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2012 in China, the paper tests empirically the relieving impact of social capital investment on the financing restraints of those companies .Theresult shows that the investment of SMEs in China is significantly positive to cash flow , and there exists obvious financial constraints .It is also found that entertainment expenditure and obtaining direct political connections are effective strategies to build re -lational social capital by SMEs , which can to a great extant reduce such kind of constraints .%通过将社会资本投资因素引入欧拉投资模型,探析了社会资本投资对中小企业融资约束的动态影响,并以2008—2012年深交所中小板上市公司为研究样本,实证检验社会资本投资对中小企业融资约束的缓解作用。结果发现:中国中小企业投资支出与内部经营活动现金流显著正相关,普遍面临融资约束问题;而娱乐支出和获得直接政治关联是中小企业构建关系社会资本的有效措施,能在很大程度上缓解企业的融资约束。
摘要:针对移就现象存在多少映射方式,中英文移就在类型和认知机制上存在何种异同的问题,运用概念整合理论,以形容词移就为切入点,对比分析19世纪至20世纪中英经典爱情诗歌作品中的形容词移就现象,发现三种映射方式皆可以存在于移就现象之中,四种网络结构模型在中英文移就现象中也皆可存在,移就现象可以激起两个心理空间,移就的使用频率并不存在语言间的差异性。这些发现有助于文学爱好者、语言及文学教师理解、欣赏和阐述移就。%Regarding the number of kinds of mappings hypallage involves the similarities or differences between Eng -lish and Chinese hypallagein terms of categories and cognitive mechanism , the possibility of hypallage explanation in the light of CIT , this paper makes a comparative analysis of adjective hypallage in classical Chinese and English love poems ranging from the 19th to the 20th century and finds that in hypallages three classes of mappings all can be found and four types of network exist in both English and Chinese hypallages ;hypallage can evoke two mental spaces and the occurrence of hypallageremains the same in English and Chinese .This study will facilitate the understanding and appreciating of hypallage for literature lovers and teachers of literature and language .
摘要:长久以来国外学者已经对中国的反腐败制度形成了这样的刻板印象,即中国的反腐败是由中国共产党和国家主导的一种自上而下的反腐败模式。根据“地方创新性程度”和“对中央廉政策略的影响程度”两个指标,将反腐败制度划分为三种类型:由地方自我创新,并已经被中央所采纳和推广的制度;由中央在地方进行试点,鼓励其他地方进行学习和借鉴的制度;地方已经在酝酿和尝试执行,但中央仍然持观望态度的制度。影响不同地方廉政创新类型的主要原因是中央鼓励地方廉政创新和改革的程度、地方主要领导的廉政创新意愿以及在廉政过程中遇到的地方部门利益阻力和民众的态度反馈,由此可见,应在腐败治理策略中重新找回地方力量。%This article focuses on institutional innovations of corruption governance by local governments in China . According to two dimensions:the degree of local creativity , and the impact on central strategies of anti-corruption, institutions created by the local governments can be categorized into three types: the institutions innovated by local government without any central demanding but accepted and diffused by central government ;the institutions innovated by local government according to the demand of central government , and then promoted by the central government to national area;the institutions created by local government without being accepted by the central government , but au-tomatically diffused among local governments .The main reasons for the influence of integrity innovation in different places is degree of central government encouraging local integrity innovation and reform ,willingness of the key local leaders to integrity innovation ,opposition from the local interests groups and public attitude feedback in the process of building integrity ,which suggests that local power should come back to corruption governance policies .
摘要:Anti-corruption in system is a fundamental way of preventing corruption from its source and the key to build corruption punishment and prevention system .Anti-corruption in system is effective with a logical motivation of over-coming the defects of human nature and an aim of avoiding the abuse of power .Its unique advantage is stability , nor-mativity and strong operability .In order to launch the anti-corruption in university system , we must work for the insti-tutional construction .However , there are still such obvious problems as lacking of coordination between different sys -tems of clean government , vacancy of risk prevention and control in key fields , unsmooth running of anti-corruption warning mechanism and weak implementation of the clean system .To enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption in university system , we should establish interests conflict management system , power operation supervision system , anti corruption early warning system and anti-corruption implementing system .%制度反腐是从源头上预防腐败的治本之策,也是建立惩治和预防腐败体系的关键选择。制度反腐是有效的反腐方式,其逻辑动因在于克服人性缺陷,目标诉求在于防范权力滥用,独特优势体现在稳定性、规范性和可操作性强等方面。高校开展反腐败工作,必须致力于制度建设。然而,高校制度反腐还存在不同廉政制度之间缺乏协调配套、重点领域廉政风险防控制度缺位、反腐败预警机制运行不畅、廉政制度执行不力等突出问题。为提升高校制度反腐的成效,应建立健全利益冲突管理制度、权力运行监督制度、反腐败预警制度以及廉政措施落实制度。
摘要:目前,航天搭载物实验已从早期的纯科学研究向民用、商业化方向发展,并且呈现出国际合作的新特点。而航天搭载物知识产权在授予条件、申请主体等诸多方面面临着困境,现有知识产权保护的法律规则,在适用于航天搭载物时需要作出新的解释。为鼓励各类实体积极从事外空研究与开发,各国应在外空条约的基础上制定双边或多边协定,并且借鉴美国、加拿大等国的立法经验完善国内立法;各国应就制定航天活动知识产权保护国际公约,加强国际磋商与合作,以适应外空活动商业化、主体多元化的发展要求。%With the rapid development of aerospace science and technology , the research and exploration to the outer space is getting deeper and broader in various countries .Space flight experiment has developed from a pure scientific research in early years to applications in both civil and commercial areas .International cooperation has become a new trend of the experiment .Strengthening the intellectual property protection of spaceflight objects is becoming more and more important.However, the intellectual property of spaceflight objects is facing a dilemma in granting conditions and entities of application .The existing rule of law of the intellectual property protection needsa new explanationwhen applied to spaceflight objects .To encourage all kinds of entities to be engaged in outer space research and develop -ment, international community should formulate bilateral or multilateral agreements on the basis of Outer Space Trea -ty.Countries should use the legislative experience of the United States and Canada to further develop their domestic legislation.They should also strengthen international cooperation in formulatinginternational conventions to protect in -tellectual property of space activities .
摘要:The relationship between the Young Marx and Marxism is the core issue of the early Western Marxism .In order to defend for Marx , Althusser answered systematically in theory to this question .He divided Marx ’ s thought in-to two fundamentally opposite stages in terms of “epistemological break” and“problematic”, which is the young Marx as ideology and the mature Marx as science .Humanism, as the problematic of the young Marx , was totally abandoned and then replaced with new problematic by Marx , who therefore produced a scientific theory .Based on the idea that science and ideology were in absolute opposition , he opposed the view that the young Marx belongs to Marxism , and insisted that the essence of Marxism was theoretical anti-humanism.From the angle of defending for Marx , he just ex-tremely defended for the scientific nature of Marxism , although wined in form , ultimately failed in substance .%青年马克思和马克思主义的关系问题,是早期西方马克思主义争论的核心议题。阿尔都塞以保卫马克思的立场对这一问题作出了系统回答。他通过认识论断裂和总问题的思想,把马克思思想分为两个根本对立的阶段,即作为意识形态的青年马克思思想和作为科学的成熟马克思思想。青年马克思的总问题是人道主义,马克思通过对人道主义总问题的彻底抛弃、采用新的总问题产生出科学理论。由于科学和意识形态绝对对立,他反对青年时期的马克思属于马克思主义,认为马克思主义本质上是理论反人道主义。从保卫马克思的角度来看,他实则只是极端地保卫了马克思思想的科学性,因此,他在形式上胜利的同时也不得不面临着实质的失败。
摘要:随着中国股指期货市场成交量的扩大和流动性的加强,合约间价差的变化更加复杂和多变。为了改进传统跨期套利策略的效果,使用允许结构突变的变结构协整模型对价差进行建模,设计了一套完整的程序化交易策略,并选取IF1311,IF1312,IF1401和IF1402的真实高频交易价格数据进行实证研究。结果表明:中国股指期货合约价格存在大量突变现象,变结构协整模型策略在3对合约间的交易表现相较于传统模型策略,能捕捉到更多交易机会、更高的收益率和更大的夏普比率。%With the expansion of stock index futures market volume and strengthening of liquidity in China , changes in the spread between contracts is getting complex and varied .In order to improve the effectiveness of traditional inter-temporal arbitrage strategy , the authors use the variable structure cointegration model for modeling spreads , designing a complete program trading strategy , and select ing IF1311, IF1312, IF1401 and IF1402 real high frequency trading price data for the research .The results show that with the presence of the prices mutation of the stock index futures market prices and the new model , the strategy can capture more trading opportunities and improve the yield compared to conventional models .
摘要:为了进一步探索浪漫主义文学的奥秘,运用比较文学平行研究中的类型学、主题学、文类学以及影响研究中的流传学等方法对18世纪末19世纪初的英、美两国浪漫主义文学进行溯源,发现两者产生的时间有先后之别,作品形式也有所不同,但导致它们产生的根源是一样的,两者所表现的主题也相似,而且在本质上是相同的。浪漫主义文学是一定社会发展阶段的产物,英国浪漫主义对美国浪漫主义的影响有限。%With the aim to further explore the magic power of literary romanticism , this paper , by using the approa-ches in comparative literature , offers some analyses of the similarity and difference between British Romantic literature and American Romantic literature .The paper finds that the former appears earlier than the latter , with the former tak-ing the form of poetry while the later the form of fiction .But they are similar in terms of root and theme and they are the same in essence .Romantic literature is a product of social development , and the influence of British romanticism on American romanticism is limited .
摘要:近年来,民间网络反腐在揭露腐败、追踪腐败和推动查处腐败等方面凸显了巨大的威力,然而“网络谣言”“网络诈骗”“网络暴力”等负面现象,凸显了网络反腐的“双刃剑”性质。当前,民间网络反腐遇到了认知性、体制性、合法性、制度性和伦理性等五重困境。引导和规范民间网络反腐,是一个系统的工程,需要从培育网络政治素养、创新网络反腐领导体制、健全网络反腐工作机制、提升官方网络反腐成效、完善网络反腐保障制度等方面加强顶层设计。%In recent years , nongovernmentalnetwork anti-corruption demonstrates immense power in disclosing ,tracing and investigating corruption ,but the negative sides such as“canard of internet”“internet fraud” and“cyber-violence”reveal its “double-edged sword”character Nongovernmental network anti-corruption encounters five dilemmas in cog-nition,system, legality,institutionazation and ethicality .To guide and normalize thisnetwork anti-corruption, top-level design is needed such as cultivating network political accomplishment , innovating network ant-corruption leadership structure,building sound network ant-corruption working mechanism , promoting official network ant-corruption effi-ciency and perfecting network ant-corruption security system .
摘要:《海商法》作为中国多式联运法律领域重要适用法,存在迟延交付问题的立法空白,而如果适用《合同法》则存在不尽如人意之处,行业发展也迫切需要解决多式联运迟延交付问题。在诸多迟延交付问题中,迟延交付责任限制问题是焦点。通过比较三大国际货物多式联运规则对迟延交付问题的不同立法路径,且详细分析了中国《海商法》对海运迟延交付问题的规制及其问题,发现中国多式联运领域内的迟延交付及其责任限制问题应当从补充完善迟延交付的概念、确立迟延交付的赔偿责任范围及设立相应的责任限额等几方面妥善解决。%Chinese Maritime Code(CMC),as a significant applicable law for multi-modal transport,is silent on the delay of delivery .However the alternative applicable law , Chinese Contract Law , is far from satisfactory in this regard and the advancement of multi-modal transport industry is crying for its settlement of the issue .The limitation of liabil-ity amongst other issues in the delay of delivery is centered on in the analysis .With a detailed comparative analysis on the multi-modal conventions as well as CMC ,suggestions has been presented on the full-fledged concept of delay of delivery, a clear cut coverage of claims arising from and a corresponding limits of liability .
摘要:“文化诗学”不仅是文艺学理论主张,它的基本精神也同样适用于文学理论教学。“文化诗学教学观”在基本教学理念上主张“理论—文本—经验”的三维拓展,它以“文学—文化—生活”的“三重经验论”为教学实践的基本立足点,以文本分析与理论思辨并重的“双向能力结构”为能力培养目标,倡导课堂教学以“生活—阅读欣赏—写作”“一体三面”的学习途径来促成教学目标的实现。%Cultural poetics is not only a principle of literary theory , but also a teaching approach of literary theory . Cultural poetics advocates a three dimensionextension of “theory-text-experience”in teaching principle .With “triple empiricism of literary, cultural, and life”as the basic standpoint in teaching practice , it emphasizes a teaching goal of“double ability structure”, namely text analysis and theoretical speculation .To achieve the goal , a learning approach of “life-reading-writing” must be adopted .
摘要:生态补偿是平衡当事人各方环境权益的重要手段。客观、正确地认识生态补偿的法律性质有利于更好地建立生态补偿法律机制、完善相关制度。生态补偿是一个开放的概念,主要是指生态受益者或生态致损者对生态受害者、生态维护者的经济给付,性质主要为买卖、赠与、不当得利的补偿和无因管理的补偿、继承性获得的补偿。各种补偿形式可以在民事领域和行政领域实现,既可以是国内主体间的补偿,也可以是国际主体间的补偿。生态补偿方式的多样性决定了其法律性质的宽泛性。%Ecological compensation is an important way to balance the environmental rights and interests of the parties involved .Correct understanding of it helps the establishment of a better ecological compensation mechanism .Ecologi-cal compensation mainly refers to the economic benefits for ecological victims and maintainers from ecological benefi -ciaries or the ones who do ecological damage .The compensation includes two aspects:compensation and subjectivity . The former covers the administrative compensation and civil compensation ,transfer of property and creditor's rights set and etc.The latter refers to the compensation, state-to-state compensation, the compensation, inequality between the main compensation and equality between compensation .At the same time, the ecological compensation legal attrib-utes of external cost internalization and public welfare , regulation of the law itself .There are many levels of compen-sation such as mandatory , standardized, regional, legal effect, etc.This determines that the legal properties of eco-logical compensation are very broad and open .
摘要:Big data is a topic which attracts great attention from both theoretical circle and practice sector .With the rapid progress of anti-corruption and the development requirement of anti-corruption informationalization in China , big data application in the field of anti-corruption is becoming urgent .Making good use of the potential of information data will make a significant contribution to the anti-corruption cause in China .However, the current big data application environment is not perfect and risks exist in the application .So it is necessary to take some measures to promote anti-corruption through big data .%大数据是当前理论界和实践部门都高度关注的一个话题,随着中国反腐败的有力推进和反腐信息化的发展要求,大数据在反腐领域的应用也日渐进入人们的视野。利用数据技术挖掘各种反腐大数据背后的潜在信息,无疑能给中国反腐带来新的发展机遇,但值得注意的是,中国目前的大数据应用环境尚不完善,反腐大数据在发挥作用的同时也面临着许多风险,为发挥大数据在中国反腐败中的应用价值,有必要采取一些措施来为反腐大数据的推广保驾护航。
摘要:In service failure situations , service enterprises should consider how to improve the competitiveness and at -tract customers to repeat purchase .This paper explores the factors affecting consumer behavior related to not conver -sion service provider.First, based on the previous literature, depth interviews and pre-investigations, the paper put forward 22 factors that may affect customers ’ behavior of repeat purchasing in service failure .Through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis , these 22 factors are grouped into six categories .Then the authors cal-culate and weigh these six categories based on the principal component analysis , that is the “cost factor”“profit fac-tor”“trust factor”“relationship factors”“channel factors”and“alternative factors”.Second , independent samples T test shows that gender and relationship types have certain influence on the consumers ’ behavior of non-switching when encountering service failure , but the influence of loss types is not significant .%针对服务失误情境下,服务企业如何提高竞争力、吸引顾客重复购买的问题,探索影响消费者行为不转换服务商的因素。通过文献查阅、深度访谈和专家咨询,提炼22个影响因素,并利用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,将22个因素归纳为6类;采用主成分分析方法计算出6类因素权重从高到低依次排序是成本因素、收益因素、信任因素、渠道因素、关系因素和替代品因素,进而通过独立样本T检验发现,消费者性别、关系类型对消费者遭遇服务失误重复购买行为有影响,而消费者损失类型对其影响不显著。