By analysis of the characteristics of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, this paper assesses the potential for unconventional hydrocarbons in China, summarizes the key technical progress in exploration and development, and discusses the prospects and developing strategies of unconventional hydrocarbons. The resources of unconventional oil and gas in China are abundant. The recoverable tight gas is 8.8xl0 12-12.1×l023m3, the recoverable shale gas is 15xl0 12-25×l0 12 m3, the recoverable coalbed methane is 10.9×l0 12m3, the recoverable tight oil is 13×l0 8-14×l0 81, and the recoverable shale oil is 160×l0 8 1. There is also some resource potential for oil sand. Such key techniques as the full-digital seismic exploration technique, low permeability and low resistivity reservoir identification technique have been developed and their applications in oil and gas fields obtained good results. Tight gas and tight oil are the most realistic to develop in China, and the development and utilization of coalbed methane and shale gas just begins. In the next ten or twenty years, the production of unconventional hydrocarbons in China will increase remarkably and play an important role in national hydrocarbon resources.%结合非常规油气特点,评价中国非常规油气资源潜力,总结中国非常规油气勘探开发技术进展,阐述中国非常规油气勘探开发前景与未来的发展战略.研究表明,中国非常规油气资源丰富,发展潜力大,其中致密气可采资源量为8.8×1012～12.1×1012 m3,页岩气可采资源量为15×1012～25×1012m3,煤层气可采资源量为10.9×1012m3,致密油可采资源量为13×108～14×108t,可回收页岩油资源量为160×108t,油砂也具有一定资源潜力.目前已形成了全数字地震勘探技术、低渗低阻气层识别技术等一系列关键技术,且应用效果显著.致密气和致密油是中国目前最为现实的待开发非常规油气资源,煤层气与页岩气的开发利用正在起步.未来10～20年,中国非常规油气产量将显著增长,在弥补常规油气产量短缺中扮演日益重要的角色.图2表5参21
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