研究多个动力吸振器优化结构的声振特性。根据Hamilton变分原理建立多个动力吸振器—平板—介质系统的声振耦合动力学方程，给出简支边界条件下耦合方程的解；以吸振器的质量、刚度、阻尼和位置为设计变量，以平板结构表面平均振速级和辐射声功率级为优化目标，采用遗传算法进行优化研究。研究表明：在一定频段内，单个动力吸振器能够降低优化目标10 dB左右，采用多个动力吸振器能够控制结构较宽频带的噪声；对于水下结构，可采用两个动力吸振器进行优化，但不能将空气中吸振器的优化结果直接用于水下结构。研究结果可为动力吸振器的减振降噪设计提供理论依据。%The problem of vibro-acoustic characteristic optimization of a plate with dynamic vibration absorbers was investigated. The vibro-acoustic coupling equations of the absorber-plate-medium system were formulated based on Hamilton variational principle. The solutions of the coupling equations under simply-supported constraint condition were given by modal expansion method. Taking the mass, stiffness, damping and location of the vibration absorber as design variables, and the acoustic radiation power level and the surface quadratic velocity level as the objective, the plate-absorbers system was optimized by means of the genetic algorithm. The results reveal that a single dynamic vibration absorber can reduce the optimization objective by 10 dB in some frequency spectrum band, while using multiple vibration absorbers can control the noise in a wider spectrum band. For underwater structures, the optimization can be realized by using two absorbers. But the optimization results of the absorbers in the air cannot be used in the underwater structures directly. The results of this work can be used to design the dynamic vibration absorbers for vibration and noise control of structures.
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