“文本外结构”与文学作品的建构——尤里·洛特曼的文学文本／文学作品观

摘要

将文学文本视为一种结构，这是尤里·洛特曼始终不渝的一个理念。从作为结构的文本这一基点出发，洛特曼执着地考察文本结构与文本外结构的互动共生，探索文学作品的建构过程：文学文本的内部规则同该文本所属的“文化代码”相互依存。具有“自律性”的文本结构与具有“他律性”的文本外结构，在互动共生中建构文学作品。强调文本结构与文本外结构之关联与互动这一文学作品的建构机制，可谓洛特曼符号学文论的一大创新。洛特曼这一“内外互动”的文本理论，在结构主义时代超越结构主义，在继承雅各布森诗学理论的过程中发展雅氏诗学，与同时代人德里达的文本思想也不无契合，堪称“后索绪尔时代”别具一格的文学文，本／文学作品观。%Yuri Lotman always regarded the literary text as a structure. From the starting point of the text as structure, Lotman dedicated to examine the symbiotic interaction between the text structure and the structure out of the text to explore the process of constructing literary works： the internal rules of literary texts are interdependent with the ＂cultural code＂ of the text. It was a major innovation of Lotman~ semiotics in literary theory to emphasis on the interaction between the text struc- ture and text associated with the outer structure. Lotman~ text theory of ＂internal and external interaction＂ could be called a unique literary texts concept in the ＂era of post - Sanssure＂ beyond the era of structuralism to develop Jakobson poetics in succession, and being quite consistent with Derrida＇s text ideas.