贵州玉米籽粒镰刀菌污染情况调查

摘要

[Background] The crop diseases caused by Fusarium spp. are a frequent occurrence in Guizhou Province. As the climate characteristics of low temperature and high humidity in this region are not suitable for the mycelial growth of Fusarium pathogens, the infection and distribution of Fusarium have not been systematically investigated before. [Objective] To investigate the contamination of Fusarium spp. in the maize kernels collected from Guizhou Province. [Methods] Seventy-eight maize samples from 58 counties or county-level cities were collected and subjected to rapid immunoassay using prokaryotic expressed FvSG7-AP fusion protein that can be used to detect the presence of Fusarium pathogens in cereal grains. At the same time, biological culture tests were performed on some samples for further identification. [Results] A total of 67 samples were ascertained to be positive and the contamination rate was as high as 85.90％. The typical Fusarium mycelium and conidiospores were observed under microscope after biological culture. The Fusarium contaminated maize samples were distributed in 51 counties or county-level cities in Guizhou Province. Among them, mildly contaminated samples were detected in 19 regions, moderately contaminated samples were detected in 20 regions, and heavily contaminated samples were detected in 12 regions. [Conclusion] There are different degrees of Fusarium contamination in most parts of Guizhou. It is necessary to take effective prevention and control measures during the cultivation, harvesting and storage of crops to ensure food safety and human and animal health.%[背景]镰刀菌引起的作物病害在贵州省内时有发生,由于该地区低温高湿的气候特征并不适宜镰刀菌生长,之前未系统开展镰刀菌侵染和分布情况调查.[目的]调查贵州省玉米籽粒中镰刀菌病害的污染情况.[方法]收集贵州省58个县/县级市的玉米籽粒样品78份,利用原核表达的可用于检测镰刀菌的FvSG7-AP融合蛋白对样品进行快速免疫学检测,并对部分样品进行生物学培养鉴定.[结果]共有67份样品检测结果为阳性,污染率高达85.90％,生物学培养后显微镜观察到镰刀菌菌丝和孢子.检测出镰刀菌污染的玉米样品分布在贵州省51个县/县级市,其中19个地区检测到轻度污染样品,20个地区检测到中度污染样品,12个地区检测到重度污染样品.[结论]贵州省绝大部分地区存在不同程度的镰刀菌污染,有必要在作物耕种、收获及贮藏期间采取有效的防控措施,以保障食品安全与人畜健康.