白酒酿造实质上是微生物消长演替、代谢产物积累变化的过程，要搞清白酒本质，必须从微生物着手。微生物在酒醅发酵过程中以群体方式发挥作用，准确解析微生物群落构成及演替模式既是阐明白酒产量、质量的前提，也是进一步研究微生物功能及代谢的基础。针对各类微生物群落研究技术在白酒领域使用现状，对国内外研究报道做系统分析，发现纯培养以及不可培养DGGE/TGGE是目前研究白酒微生物群落的主流技术，而对微生物群落揭示较全面、系统的二代测序技术使用相对较冷，仅在外文期刊中报道相对较多。其次，通过应用现状成因分析，认为大多数研究者对测序数据的理解和分析水平不足是造成目前二代测序使用现状的主要原因。基于此，对测序后反馈的重要结果做系统解释，并提出5类分析微生物群落的重要多元统计方法以及各类方法分析策略与使用方案，旨在为白酒微生物群落研究者提供可行性高、参考性强的二代测序数据分析方略。%Liquor-making is essentially the process of microbial communities succession and microbial metabolites accumulation and transfor-mation. To reveal the mystery of liquor, we should start from microbial research. Microbes in communities are, in general, advancing the fer-mentation of grains. The analysis of the composition and the succession of microbes is not only the premise to evaluate the yield and the quality of liquor, but also the basis for exploring the functions and metabolites of microbes. In this paper, aiming at the current application status of mi-crobial research technology in liquor-making field, we found that culture-based approach and culture-independent DGGE/TGGE techniques are mainly applied in microbial community research nowadays, while next-generation sequencing technique is rarely adopted (reported only in for-eign journals). Researchers not capable of understanding or manipulating the sequencing data might be the main reason for the poor use of next-generation sequencing technique. In view of such problem, systematical and straightforward interpretation of sequencing data were made in this review. Furthermore, five categories of multivariate analysis which could deeply and comprehensively present the microbial information were recommended, and we also provided the strategies and usages of these analytic approaches for reference.
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