山核桃种子生长发育过程油脂含量及脂肪酸的动态变化

摘要

Determinations by Soxhlet extraction and GC (gas chromatography)were implemented on oil content and components of fatty acids from nut kernels of 30Carya cathayensis trees in the same stand located in Lin'an, Zhejiang province, sampled on July 23, August 1, August 16 and 31 of 2014. Results showed that oil content increased significantly along with maturation of seeds, the average content was 9.87%, 38.30%, 72.06% and 71.65% of samples with different dates. There was significant difference of oil contenteither among sampling dates or among individual trees. The mean content of main fatty acids in kernel, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid ranged from 15.48% to 4.57%, 2.38% to 1.50%, 20.45% to 66.01%, 45.24% to 21.48% and 8.49% to 1.54% respectively. Only the average content of oleic acid increased gradually. The main saturated fatty acid in kernel was palmitic acid, and the main unsaturated one was oleic acid. The content of unsaturated fatty acids was always higher than that of saturated ones.%2014年7月23日、8月1日、16日和31日,采用索氏抽提法和气相色谱法(HPLC)测定了浙江省临安市山核桃Carya cathayensis产区同林地中30个单株种子种仁的油脂含量及脂肪酸的组分,研究山核桃种子生长发育过程中油脂含量及脂肪酸的动态变化.结果表明,随着种子的生长发育和不断成熟,油脂含量增加很快,4个时间点的平均值分别为9.87%,38.30%,72.06%,71.65%,各时间点及各单株间油脂含量差异显著;山核桃油脂中主要脂肪酸棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸平均相对含量的变幅分别为15.48%~4.57%,2.38%~1.50%,20.45%~66.01%,45.24%~21.48%,8.49%~1.54%,仅油酸相对含量逐步增加,成熟种子中饱和脂肪酸主要是棕榈酸,不饱和脂肪酸主要是油酸;各时间点主要不饱和脂肪酸含量高于饱和脂肪酸含量.