张载气化思想考察

摘要

作为北宋理学的开创者，张载哲学有较强的宇宙论关怀，而气化思想又是张载宇宙论的重要内容。气化是指阴阳二气变动生化的动态过程，这一理解在两汉儒学的发展中已经成熟。那么张载气化思想较之于两汉气化思想的特点和价值则成为我们考察的重要内容。本文通过历史回溯的方法考察张载气化思想的生成，揭示在造道精神的推动下，张载立足于《六经》、《论语》、《孟子》，对佛道二教和汉唐儒学进行双取双谴，既充分借鉴佛教本体论视角的批评，以此弥补汉唐儒学宇宙生化论的缺失；同时又以儒家宇宙生化为基础批评佛教“往而不返”的虚空本体。以此辨清气化思想在张载哲学体系中的作用与意义。%As a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism,Chang Tsai’s philosophy has a stronger concern over cosmology,and Ch’i theory is an important part of Chang Tsai’s Cosmology.Ch’i theory is about the yin-yang changes in the dynamic process of the development,a deep understanding of which has built in the Han dynasty.Therefore,the characteristics and values of Chang Tsai Ch’i theory compared with Han dynasty Ch’i theory is the focus in the study.This paper examines the development of Chang Tsai Ch’i theory by using the historical backtracking method.Driven by the spirit of Create-Tao and based on“Six Classics”,“The Analects of Confucius”and“Mencius”,Chang Tsai not only made full use of the criticism from the Buddhism ontological perspective to compensate for the theory on the birth of the universe in Han-Tang Confucianism,but also criticized Buddhism “not to return”on the basis of the Confucian theory of the birth of the universe.In this way,the role and significance of Ch’i theory in the Chang Tsai’s Philosophy can be identified.