This paper focus on Wu Yi-fang, a typical figure of“the new woman”in modern Chinese society, explore the significance of modern Chinese society for “the new woman” and analyzes the historical as well as political features of the knowledge production. Through the analysis, it is obvious that as a“new woman”who has received modern education, Wu Yi-fang is definitely the carrier and communicator of the western knowledge production. Modern scientific knowledge, humanism, modern national consciousness, nationalism and so on have constituted the indispensable part of her value judgment system. While exporting the spirit of democracy, liberty, equality and fraternity, the modern western culture has also brought cultural superiority and aggressiveness to East-West Communication. With the background of the rising nationalism, Wu Yi-fang took up the post of the president of Ginling College. Although she had thought about spreading modern western scientific knowledge and classical liberal education deeply in the college, it is her unshirkable responsibility and mission to save the nation state when the country is faced with a crisis. Thus, it became simple and clear for this “new woman” to make decisions and the knowledge production in Ginling College also possessed strong historical and political color.%本文聚焦近代中国社会“新女性”的代表性人物——吴贻芳，探究近代中国社会对“新女性”而言的意义所在，解析“知识”生产的历史性及政治性特点。通过本文分析可以看到，作为接受过近代教育的“新女性”，吴贻芳无疑是西方知识生产的载体和传播者，近代科学知识、人文关怀、近代国家意识、民族主义等构成了其价值判断体系中不可或缺的重要组成部分。近代西方文化一方面向东方输出民主、自由、平等和博爱精神，却也同时将文化优越感和侵略性色彩带到东西方之间的交流中来。在国家、民族主义高涨的背景下出任金陵女子大学校长，尽管吴贻芳曾想把西方的近代科学知识、古典博雅教育在金女大推广深入，但国难当头之际，拯救民族国家成为责无旁贷的使命和职责，留给这位“新女性”的选择由此变得简单明了，以金女大为载体的知识生产也具有了浓厚的历史性及政治性色彩。
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