体外胚胎的基因遗传权保护问题探析兼评“江苏无锡冷冻胚胎案”

摘要

As a product of the advancement of modern medical science and technology,in vitro embryo has changed human’s reproduction system but also caused a series of legal problems that need to be solved. Through critical reflections about the theories of subject,object and intermediary,this thesis reveals the personality interests of in vitro embryos from the perspective of ethics,jurisprudence and comparative law. Then,this thesis defines the in vitro embryo as the object of genetic inheritance rights. On such basis,the author concludes that it is necessary to inspect the adjudication of frozen embryo case in Wuxi, Jiangsu. Moreover,we must establish a legal system to protect the inheritance rights of in vitro embryos and improve the remedy measures for the infringement upon the inheritance rights.%体外胚胎作为现代医疗科学技术发展的产物，在改变人类生殖体系的同时，引发了一系列亟待解决的相关法律问题。通过对目前国内相关学者所提出的“主体说”“客体说”和“中介说”等学说的批判性思考，揭示其在理论层面的局限性，从而得以否定以上三种学说的合理性。而后从伦理学、法理以及比较法等角度对该问题进行系统性的论述，揭示体外胚胎的法律地位，即人格利益属性。在该定性的基础之上，借助于有关学者提出的基因权理论，最终将体外胚胎界定为基因遗传权的客体。因此，有必要对江苏无锡冷冻胚胎案的裁判结果予以重新审视。同时，建议在立法层面建立起体外胚胎基因遗传权的法律保护体系，完善侵害基因遗传权的救济措施，以实现对体外胚胎基因遗传权的法律保护。