斯宾诺莎政治哲学中的自然主义

摘要

Spinoza thinks that there exists continuity between nature and human society, political life and political authority are the result of natural growth rather than the products of human will. He holds that Politics is established on the natural essence of human benings, which characterized his political philosophy of naturalism. The naturalism in Spinoza’s political philosophy is consistant. Its starting point and goal are the individual’s self-preservation, whose supreme form is freedom, but the deficiency of this continual naturalism is fatal. The naturalism in Spinoza’s political philosophy has important theoretical and practical significance.%斯宾诺莎认为自然界和人类社会具有连续性，政治生活包括政治权威都是自然生长的结果，而不是人类意志的产物。他将政治建立在人的自然本性的基础上，这使他的政治哲学具有了自然主义的特征。斯宾诺莎政治哲学中的自然主义是首尾一贯的，它的出发点和目的始终是个体的自我保存，自我保存的最高形式是自由，但是这种首尾一贯的自然主义却有着致命的缺陷。斯宾诺莎政治哲学中的自然主义具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。