摘要:Many unjust and erroneous criminal cases are caused nowadays not only owing to failure to enforce the law strictly ,but al‐so owing to lack adequate moral personality of judges .Rule of Law in the West also makes much account of the moral personality of judicial officials and law‐executors both at conceptual and practical levels .However ,this factor has been obviously missing in China’s legal construction process for years ,and unscrupulous judicature has been the common feature of various unjust and erro‐neous criminal cases .The Christian spirit and its ethical norms play a fundamental role in the course of construction of the moral personality of the Western society under the rule of law ,and still form the core elements of the personality of the rule of law at present ,so to speak that without the help of rich religious heritage ,there is no mature western rule of law .Conversely ,our con‐struction of rule of law had chosen a path of Completely cutting out with history resources especially on traditional Confucian eth‐ics ,and caused the missing on the moral personality norm of judicial officials and law‐executors for the time being ,so that laws and regulations don’t have rule of law and good governance ,and then many unjust and erroneous criminal cases and errors on adminis‐trative law enforcement have appeared occasionally .In a word ,the scientific path choice of construction of modern rule of law should draw extensively historic resources ,and especially refer to the values of Confucian ethics on personality shaping and advocacy of life .%当今的)错案之形成,不仅有执法不严的因素,也有司法者人格不完善的因素。无论是观念还是实践层面,西方法治并非不重视司法者和执法者的道德人格因素,对于西方法治道德人格的建构和维持,基督教精神及其伦理规范发挥了基础性作用,至今仍构成西方法治人格的核心要素,可以说西方法治的成熟离不开其丰厚的宗教遗产。而改革开放以来我国的法治建设不仅忽视了现代司法者人格因素的作用,也明显缺乏对传统儒家伦理的现代转换和有效借鉴,这是我国法治建设对西方经验的忽略,因而一定程度上造成了一些司法者、执法者道德人格标准的迷失,昧着良心司法、执法构成当前一些刑事)错案的共同特点。强化司法者人格建设,是未来防范)错案、深化法治、实现法治国的现实需要。
摘要:The sexual contracts come from animal instinct of the human beings ,and it has properties of freedom ;The ancient Chinese system of “kidnapped marriage” derives from robbing girls for sex when it was dim ,and It has properties of fist‐force;They has different names and same content between the“kidnapped marriage”within the Customary law and the marriage in the institutional Law since Qin and Han Dynasty to the date of Qing Dynasty :The imperial power was managing the brothels of official sexual con‐tracts and folk;One man had enjoyed the girls before paying to their fathers ,the girls were treated as the sexual partners of differ‐ent names and be resold or given another man .The political ,economic and cultural factors decided the change of the sexual con‐tracts by scattering “kidnapped marriage” into the Institutional law ;The modern marriage is a complete system in the institutional law .Creating feminist education system and popularizing subject education would decrease the non‐marital sex .%性契约源于人类的动物本能,具有自由性;古代“昏姻”制度始于劫掠女人,具有人力的强制性;秦汉至清末习惯法内的性契约与制度法上“昏姻”名异质同:国家管理官办、民办妓院式性契约;“正妻”“媵”“妾”都采用了买卖或交易程式,除了丈夫买入自享外,还被转卖、转赠其他人。政治、经济、文化等联合规制了性契约与“昏姻”的交会。现代婚姻是性契约的制度法完备形式。当前应通过创设女性思想教育体系、普及学科教育以挤压非婚姻形式性契约的空间。
摘要:Youth Marxists are youth groups armed with Marxism from thought to action ,the training of whom is a very important system engineering having multifaceted value and significance to the party ,country ,university and youth themselves .However , due to various reasons ,the work of training young Marxists faces many challenges ,problems and difficulties ,such as the training objectives and values ,instructor quality ,training mechanisms and training methods and modes ,w hich needs scientific handling on more than a level .In view of this ,we are sure to actively build and innovate young Marxists’ training mechanism and the path . Only the reconstruction of value orientation ,setting of training goals and tasks ,reasonable expanding of training objects and con‐tent ,innovation and integration of teacher training and training methods are comprehensively promoted ,can we push the sustain‐able development of young Marxist culture ,thus providing a lasting human resources for the realization of China dream .%青年马克思主义者是从思想到行动上用马克思主义武装起来的青年群体,其培养工作是一个非常重要的系统工程,对党、国家、高校与青年本身等具有多层面的价值与意义。但是由于各种原因,培养青年马克思主义者的工作面临着很多的挑战、问题和困难,在培养目标与价值取向、指导老师素质、培养机制、培养模式与方式等方面都存在一些问题,亟需多个层面的科学处理。鉴于此,我们务必要积极构建和创新青年马克思主义者培养机制与路径,从价值取向的重构、培养目标与任务的制定、培养对象和内容的合理拓展、培养导师队伍的建设、培养方式渠道的创新与整合等视角全面推进,方能推动青年马克思主义者培养工作可持续发展,从而为“中国梦”的实现提供持久的人力资源。
摘要:Although the First Opium War marked the beginning of the modern Chinese history as a whole ,the beginning of the history of modern engineering in China lagged behind for twenty years .During the First Opium War ,a small amount of the trials of manufacturing advanced Western weapons were carried out in China ,and in 1840s and 1850s some foreigners established some shipyards which were modernized to a certain degree in Guangzhou and Shanghai .However those two kinds of facts did not mark the beginning of the history of modern engineering in China .In the modern history of China ,the beginning of the his‐tory of modern engineering coincided with the beginning of the westernization movement .In 1861 ,five events occurred in China , which marked both the beginning of the westernization movement and of the history of modern engineering in China .The main difference lies in that the principal mark of the beginning of the westernization movement was the establishment of the office of foreign affairs ,while the beginning of the history of modern engineering in China was a small Anqing inner ordnance manufac‐turer established by Zeng Guofan .%中国近代史整体上以1840年为开端,而中国近代工程史的开端时间却延迟了二十年。鸦片战争期间出现了零星的开始仿制西方军械装备的试验活动,五口通商初期有外国人在华创办了近代的新式船舶修造业,但它们都不是标志中国近代工程史开端的历史事件。中国近代工程演化进程和洋务运动有密切联系,二者在开端上出现了某种重合现象,均都表现为五个历史事件的汇聚,这就使1861年成为了中国近代工程史的开端年份。但两者开端也有区别之处:洋务运动开端的“首要标志”是总理各国事务衙门的成立,而中国近代工程史开端的“首要标志”则是曾国藩创建的安庆内军械所的设立。
摘要:Local legal system issues are not only legal issues ,but also the institutional problems which relates with political system and economic development .Local government plays an important role in the reform ,and the inherent logic of its action can be sum‐marized as Administrative Contract and Political Championship .It is this logic that enables local governments to become stakehold‐ers ,and make the local legal system off‐track from Rule of law ,destroy the national unity and the general of law .To achieve the Rule of law in local government ,the emphasis is to control the power of local governments and safeguard the rights of citizens .We require a series of changes to achieve this goal .%地方法制问题不仅是法律问题,同时也是与中国社会转型期特定背景下同政治制度、经济发展等因素有着内在关系的制度性问题。地方政府在改革中发挥了重要作用,其内在行动逻辑可以概括为行政发包制和政治锦标赛。正是在这样的行动逻辑支配下,地方政府成为利益主体,地方法制偏离了法治的轨道,破坏了国家法律的统一性与一般性。如果要实现地方的法治,地方法制的重点就在于要控制地方政府的权力,维护公民的权利,实现这一目的需要进行一系列的变革。
摘要:IAFTA的签订加速了亚太经济整合,在IAFTA签订前,东亚尚未形成一致的整合且 TPP分散东盟及东亚成员;IAFTA签订后,TPP的成员将会回归 RCEP ,且 IAFTA 将带动南亚与东南亚之间的连结,还能刺激RCEP经济整合。美国对于IAFTA的成立基本上抱持乐观态度,然而IAFTA签订后,短期看来IAFTA对中国经济济影响还没有明显的冲击,但也许今后印度会对贸易政策作出调整来减少对中国的贸易逆差。此外,印度与中国长久以来就存在的领土争议,如今印度势力进入到南海地区可能会增加双方问题,导致其安全上仍是依靠以美国势力为首的集团。%The signing of IAFTA accelerated the Asia‐pacific economic integration .Before the signing of IAFTA sign ,east Asia has not yet formed a consistent integration and TPP disperses the Association of South‐East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and East Asian members;The signing of IAFTA can make the TPP members return to the RCEP ,drive the connections between the south and south east Asia ,and stimulate the RCEP economic integration .The United States are optimistic for the establishment of the IAFTA basically ,however ,after signing the IAFTA ,in the short run ,the impact of IAFTA on China's economy is not obvious ,but perhaps India will make trade policy adjustments to reduce the trade deficit with China .In addition ,India and China's territorial disputes have existed for a long time ,easily leading to conflict .Now India’s power goes into the south China sea and it is likely to increase both problems .Its security still depends on American forces who lead the group .
摘要:Science and Technology is playing an essential role in the regional synergy development of Jing‐Jin‐Ji ,where formed a pattern of multi‐level and wide ranging S&T Cooperation .However ,many problems remain unresolved ,for instance ,the overall regional S&T Cooperation ,the facilitating mechanism for personnel movement and the policy system ,are far from satisfying .The strategic research should be strengthened by the government ,through collecting the variety of suggestions of the experts from the three places ,as well as consulting or the field research .To stimulate the S&T cooperation for the three parties is based on figuring out the real demands and basis of the cooperation ,and perfecting the related policy system and supporting mechanism ,then trans‐forming the advantage of scientific resource into the competitive advantage .%京津冀区域协同发展应建立在科技支撑和引领的基础上。目前京津冀形成了多层次、多元化的科技合作格局,但还存在全面科技合作推进缓慢、科技人才流通不畅、政策体系不完善、保障制度不健全等问题。对此,政府应加强战略研究,调集三地专家,通过咨询和调研,摸清三地科技合作的基础和需求,激发三地合作动力,完善政策体系和制度保障机制,将科技资源优势转化成区域竞争优势。
摘要:Electoral commission ,a key organizational body of elections and legal organ of regulations ,serves for dealing with elec‐toral issues .Provisional organs would go against continuity and wholeness of election managements ,the performance of their du‐ties ,the tracing of their responsibilities ,as well as their functions .The reform to establish permanent electoral commissions under every level of the National People's Congress is conducive to expanding people's democracy and ensuring their democratic rights .%选举委员会是处理选举事务的法定监管机构,是选举机构的主要组织形式。选举委员会的临时性设置,破坏了选举事务管理权力的连续性和整体性要求,不利于选举委员会职能履行和责任追究,影响选举委员会功能的良好发挥。在各级人大权力框架下,整合相关机构组织资源,恢复建立各级选举委员会并作常设化改制,对于扩大人民民主、保障人民民主权利具有助推意义。
摘要:自上世纪末高等教育改革以来,我国煤炭高等教育的组织形式和资源配置方式已发生深刻变化,目前,十余所高校的二级学院中均开设煤炭行业相关专业,但受人、财、物等资源减少的影响,我国煤炭高等教育一度出现了发展方向模糊、人才培养减少等问题。根据数据包络分析方法,对各学院“教师‐人才”和“教师‐科研”资源配置相对效率的评价结果显示,我国煤炭高等教育的优质资源集中于少数学院,各学院人才培养质量参差不齐,部分学院资源配置效率偏低或提升空间有限。为更好的服务煤炭行业,未来我国煤炭高等教育应当从吸纳资源投入、争取社会支持、拓展优质资源共享模式、合理分配科研和教学资源等方面进一步优化资源配置。%The organization and resource‐allocation of China’s coal mining education changed profoundly after the reform of high‐er education in the later 1990s .For the moment ,more than ten university colleges are organizing relevant majors of coal indus‐try .Affected by the reduction of human ,material and financial resources ,coal mining education once encountered problems such as lack of direction and decrease of graduate output .With Data Envelopment Analysis method ,the evaluations of “Teachers‐Graduates” and“Teacher‐Research” resource‐allocation efficiencies reveal that a few colleges are concentrated with high quality resources;The quality of graduates are varied;moreover some colleges present low efficiency of resource‐allocation and little space to enhance .To better serve the coal industry ,China's coal resources should attract investment ,strive for social support and expand high‐quality resource sharing mode ,reasonably allocate research and teaching resources to further optimize the allocation of resources .
摘要:由于传统因素的影响,公共管理专业人才培养现状堪忧,具体表现为:培养目标和教学目标相对滞后,专业特色不明显;教学内容和课程体系相对单一,知识结构不合理;教学方法和教学平台相对单调,实践能力不理想;师资力量和师资结构相对欠缺,专业引领不给力。为此,需要构建和应用多元化人才培养模式,实现培养目标和教学目标的多元化;教学内容和课程体系的多元化;教学方法和教学平台的多元化;教学评价和考核方式的多元化;师资队伍和教师资源的多元化;就业模式和毕业导向的多元化。%Because of the influence of traditional factors ,the present situation of public administration training of professional tal‐ents is pessimistic ,the specific manifestations of w hich are:the training objectives and teaching targets are relative lagged ;the professional characteristics are not obvious;the teaching content and course system is relatively simple;the structure of knowl‐edge is unreasonable;the teaching method and the teaching platform is relatively monotonous;practical ability is not ideal;the teaching staff and the structure of teachers lack professional guidance;the professional guidance is not gelivable .Therefore ,it should be solved by constructing and developing diversified talent modes ,implementing diversified training objectives and teach‐ing objectives ,diversified teaching content and course systems ,diversified teaching methods and teaching platforms ,diversified teaching evaluation and assessment methods ,diversified teachers and teacher resources ,diversified employment patterns and graduation orientations .
摘要:Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of CNKI ,it was found that several journals gathered the most of literatures of Kuhn’s philosophy of science from 1979 to 2011 .It showed a sharp increasing of research during the period from 2001 to 2011 ,and the relative institutes varied in different periods .The most creative or influential research was rare ,and there were few influential authors in this subject .The overall research level was not high ,but it increased gradually with more intensive study :from the early translation to comment ,and then to specialize .The questions of research were deepened gradually .Since the 21st century ,there were more achievements with some new subjects such as language and reality ,materialism and postmodernism .%由中国知网文献计量分析得知,1979—2011年间,国内库恩科学哲学思想理论研究的文献比较集中地刊载在几份国内专业期刊上,其中2001—2011年间发文量大增,重点研究单位在各个时段有所变化;创新性较强(首创性较强)以及影响较大(频次较高)的重要文献不多,重要作者以及对此进行连续研究的作者不多且不突出。虽然总体研究水平有限,但随着时间的延续和研究的深入,水平正在逐渐提高,由上世纪80年代的更多的翻译,走向90年代更多的述评,再到21世纪更多的研究;研究主题不断深化,进入21世纪,在一些新的视域或主题上,如库恩科学哲学与唯物主义、语言与实在、后现代主义等关联方面都展开了相关研究,取得了相关成果。
摘要:Guaranteeing constitutional rights is an important constitutional issue .Due to the influences of many factors ,the concept of rights in China is very weak ,and constitutional rights have not yet been fully implemented in reality .The key of the effective implementation of constitutional rights is institutional reform and innovation on the premise of adhering to the correct idea .The ef‐ficient implementation of the constitutional rights needs many ways such as perfecting the constitution implementation and supervi‐sion system ,rights legislation ,positive innovation of social management ,the exercise of administrative power according to consti‐tution and law and making more protections to vulnerable groups .%保障公民的基本权利是重要的宪法问题。由于众多因素的影响,我国的权利观念比较薄弱,宪法文本规定的基本权利在现实中尚未完全实现。宪法基本权利的有效实现,关键在于在坚持正确理念的基础上,进行制度改革和创新。通过健全宪法实施和监督制度、完备基本权利立法、积极创新社会治理、依宪依法行使行政权力、对弱势群体权利进行倾斜性保护等路径使宪法基本权利得到有效实现。
摘要:On the ground of carding the connotation and dynamic mechanism of new‐type urbanization ,combining with the present development status and prospect of rural urbanization in Shandong Province ,we think that the dynamic mechanism of new‐type ur‐banization in Shandong Province should be an integrated system based on the full play to the market force ,and that the market force should cooperate with the administrative force to form a joint force and the quality of population and social security will pro‐vide maintenance and sustainability .At the same time ,through the facts using the method of Multiple Regression to analyze the driving power for urbanization in Shandong Province ,it shows that ,at present ,the main power for promoting the urbanization in Shandong Province is the market force and the administrative force ,and the market force is more powerful than the administrative force ,while the social security and the quality of population ,which serve as the maintenance and sustainability ,play a minor role on the promotion of Shandong urbanization .Therefore ,the constructive strategy for dynamic mechanism of urbanization in Shandong province is bringing into full play the leading role of market power ,optimizing administrative power to realize the cooperation be‐tween the administrative power and market power ,and paying more attention to the improvement of social security and population quality .%在梳理新型城镇化内涵及城镇化动力机制的基础上,结合山东省城镇化的发展现状和前景,认为山东省新型城镇化动力机制应是在充分发挥市场力作用的基础上,市场力与行政力协调配合运作形成一种合力,人口素质和社会保障为其提供维系力和持续力的综合系统。同时,运用多元回归法对山东省城镇化动力进行了实证分析,结果表明目前对山东省城镇化发展起推动作用的主要是市场力和行政力,且市场力的作用远大于行政力,而作为维系力和持续力的社会保障和人口素质对目前山东省城镇化的推动作用较为微弱。基于此,山东省新型城镇化动力机制的构建策略,即充分发挥市场力的主导作用,优化行政力以实现行政力和市场力的协调配合,同时更应注重社会保障完善和人口素质提高。
摘要:T raditional philosophy respected“deterministic philosophy” ,w hose pursuit of the absolute ,universal ,common philosophy of humanity is not appropriate ,while contemporary philosophy is limited ,specific ,uncertain ,personalized“micro philosophy”orien‐ted .The teaching of philosophy and teaching ideas should be changed from “teaching‐centered” to “learning‐centered” ,giving students the right to choose ,so as to cultivate a truly independent spirit personality rather than dependent personality .So we must have the courage to break the myth of the dogmatic mechanical philosophy and allow debates to foster skepticism and critical quality of students ,and change and modify the philosophy textbooks ,and change the attitude towards classic texts .%传统哲学观推崇“确定性哲学”,追求绝对性、普遍性、共同性,以“类哲学““科学之科学”自居是不恰当的。当代哲学观导向有限的、具体的、不确定的、个人化的“微哲学”。哲学教学观和教学理念应该变革,从以“教”为主转变到以“学”为主,给学生以选择权。只有以“学”为主,才能真正培养出独立的精神人格,而不是依附性人格。要勇于破除神化的、教条化的机械论哲学,哲学教学要允许争论,要培养学生的怀疑精神和批判品质;要改变和修改哲学教科书,改变对待经典文本的态度。
摘要:In the international exchange of cultural objects ,the immunity from seizure has become an unavoidable reality and legal problems .UK anti‐seizure legislation aims to ensure that foreign cultural relics in the UK during the period of loan shows are ex‐empted from any form of arrest ,confiscation or seizure of compulsory measures .The law is a combination of automatic authoriza‐tion model and the legislative model of applying for approval ,and its scope of application is also extended to non‐state entities ,and it is also distinctive in the detention conditions of exemption ,the opposition system ,the effectiveness of the rules and the excep‐tions clause .We need to pay close attention to developments in the field of legislation and practices emphasizing cultural security and make efforts to strike a balance between protecting the cultural objects and promoting the exchanges and cooperation of cultural relic .%在文物国际交流中,文物借展期间的扣押豁免问题业已成为一个不可回避的现实和法律难题。英国关于文物借展扣押豁免的立法旨在确保境外文物在英国借展期间免受任何形式的扣押、没收或查没等强制措施,该法是自动授权型和申请审批型立法模式的有机结合,其适用范围也扩大至非国家实体,关于扣押豁免条件、当事人异议制度、效力及其例外规则的条款也颇具特色。我们在强调文物安全的同时需要密切关注该领域立法和实践的发展动态,着力协调好加强文物保护与促进文物国际交流的关系。
摘要:作为与实践相联系的马克思主义与儒学这两大文化形态,二者的融合仅凭理性思辨是难以实现的,必须立足于实践,在历史和逻辑的统一中把握其可能性、现实性,唯此才能通过融合形成中国社会发展的精神合力。二者融合的必要性隐蕴于当代实践发展之中,二者相近、相似的可融合内容只有立足于实践才能把握。马克思主义与儒学融合应坚持历史实践和现实实践贯通、思想传承和创新转化统一、马克思主义为主和儒学为辅的原则。%The fusion of Marxism and Confucianism ,as two major cultural forms associated with the practice ,is difficult to a‐chieve ,only by rational speculation .It must be based on practice ,and the possibility ,reality of which can be grasped in the unity of history and logic ,and thus forming the integration of spiritual force of Chinese social development .The necessity of the fusion of the two is latent in the development of contemporary practice and their similar content can only be seized by basing on prac‐tice .The integration of Marxism and Confucianism should insist on the principles of the connection of historical practice and re‐alistic practice ,the unification of ideological transmission and innovation ,Marx being the priority supplemented by Confucian‐ism .