Children’s performance and ability in drawing are determined by their mental and physical development .Various symbols they depict with painting brushes are the expressions of their thinking ,imagination and cognition of the reality .This paper explores the relationship between children’s cognitive development and their painting ,and finds that visual memory is the key of their painting skill ,and they are positively correlated .Thus ,it is of great significance for children’s creative painting to enlarge children’s vision ,to deepen their observation and to cultivate them to master the correct ways of observation and improve their insight in turn .Children lack ability to express their inner world by words . However ,most of them enjoy outstanding painting ability ,which is an important means of expressing their creative thinking .Children of imagery cognitive style perform better than Children of verbal cognitive style in the quality and quantity of imagery information processing . Consequently ,it is the key of art education to help children improve the efficiency of presentative information processing and apply appropriate presentation ways of information procession in accordance with different situations .%儿童的绘画能力和作画水平是由其自身的生理心理发展阶段和规律所决定的，他们用画笔描绘出的各种符号表达他们对现实世界的思维、想象和认知。本研究探索了儿童的认知发展与其绘画水平之间的关系，发现视觉记忆是绘画基本技能的核心，儿童的视觉记忆能力越强，他们的绘画水平越高。通过扩大儿童的观察视野，深化他们观察的层次，培养他们掌握正确的观察方法，能够提高他们的观察力，这是儿童开展创造性绘画的关键环节。儿童运用文字表达内心世界的能力是有限的，但是绝大多数儿童都具备非凡的绘画能力，绘画是他们表达创造性思维的重要途径。表象型认知风格的儿童，在形象记忆和图像信息加工的数量和品质上会优于言语型的儿童，因此，美术教育的关键是帮助儿童在绘画过程中提高表象信息加工的效率，根据不同情况调整和运用信息加工表征形式。
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