柏拉图：哲学视野中的爱与美——一种神话学的建构

摘要

Just as other Greek philosophers, Plato continued to develop the themes of mythology. He was different from others in dividing the myth into many elements and forming his doctrine of idea. The discussion about Eros and beauty was its component part. His Symposium describes the path to gradually reach ＂a science with beauty of its object＂ as a way of self-redemption through ＂learning＂ and ＂understanding＂ under the guidance of Eros. His Phaedrus depicts the path to gradually rise to ＂the ontology of beauty＂ as a way to be saved through ＂mania＂ and ＂memory＂. As to Plato, his essential knowledge was the knowledge of beauty, and his noble love was the love of beauty. To him, aesthetics was philosophy.%柏拉图与其他希腊哲学家一样延续了神话的主题，不同的是将神话拆解成了一个个元素，建构了理式论，有关爱神和美的讨论是它的组成部分。《会饮》篇描述了在爱神引领下，通过“学习”和“了解”逐步达到“以美为对象的学问”的自我救赎之路；《斐德诺》篇描述了在爱神“凭附”下，通过“迷狂”和“回忆”逐步升抵“美本体”的被拯救之路。对于柏拉图来说，本真的知识是美的知识，高尚的爱是对美的爱，美学就是哲学。