裴斯泰洛齐与卢梭自然主义教育思想之比较

摘要

The paper comparatively studies the dissimilarities and connections of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi,two representative naturalistic educators,in the aspects of connotations,targets,contents and teacher-student relationship of naturalistic education.Pestalozzi’s naturalistic education thought can be seen as the development and inheritance of Rousseau’s.Rousseau and Pestalozzi both emphasize the role of education in children’s development of adaptability to nature,and put forward the similar educational principles and methods.The comparison of the naturalistic education thought of Rousseau and Pestalozzi will be of great significance to promote education research,children’s healthy growth and harmonious development.%卢梭和裴斯泰洛齐是西方教育发展史上极具代表性的自然主义教育家。通过比较发现,两者在自然主义教育的内涵、培养目标、教育内容和师生关系上存在不同,但也存在一定的联系：裴斯泰洛齐自然主义教育思想是对卢梭自然教育思想的继承和发展;在适应自然的教育原则指导下,两者都十分重视教育在儿童发展过程中的作用,并提出相似的教育原则及方法。比较两者自然主义教育思想的异同,对提高教育研究水平及促进儿童健康成长、和谐发展具有良好的借鉴意义。