内部动机与外部动机的关系及其对学校教育的启示

摘要

The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is an academic issue of controversies. It has been portrayed in the literature at least in three different ways: First, the classic dichotomy viewed the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as being contradictory and influential in individuals’ engagement; secondly, self-determination theory considered it an interconnected and convertible continuity; and thirdly, the current research viewed it a co-existing factor in motivating individuals. The author, thus, proposes that teachers should properly deal with intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to maximize the students’ learning motives.%　　学界对内部动机与外部动机的关系研究一直存在争议，目前至少存在三种理解：传统的二分法认为内部动机与外部动机相互对抗，互相影响对任务的参与；自我决定理论认为内部动机和外部动机是一个连续体的两极，两者相互联系并转化；最近的研究则认为两种动机可以并存，个体可以同时为外部和内部动机所激发。在教育实践中，教师应正确认识和处理两者之间的关系，使学生始终保持良好的动机状态。