《齐民要术》使令类兼语结构分析

摘要

Subject-Object structure is a special syntactic structure in Chinese. The verb “order” and “make” in Qimin Yaoshu have the development and evolution in semantics. The imperative meaning of V1 has been developed in Ancient Chinese. OS-ellipsis of Subject-Object structures is a typical phenomenon in Qimin Yaoshu and shows different characteristics compared with the other Subject-Object structures of different stages. The OS usually refers to nouns and adjectives are often used as V2. The preposition of OS is very little in the Ancient Chinese, but still was used in Qimin Yaoshu.%兼语结构是汉语的一种特殊句法结构，《齐民要术》中使令类兼语结构中的动词“令”、“使”在语义上已有演变，中古汉语使令类兼语结构V1的“致使”义已发展成熟；使令类兼语结构兼语省略在《齐民要术》中极为普遍，表现出与其他各个历时阶段使令类兼语结构的不同；《齐民要术》使令类兼语通常指物，且多有形容词作V2；兼语前置句在上古汉语时期就数量趋减，但使令类兼语前置句在《齐民要术》中仍有用例。