苏格拉底与优素甫“知识即美德”思想比较研究

摘要

Yusuf Khass Hajib, who was a philosopher from ancient Uygur ethic group, had similar statements with Socrates in philosophy, promoting that“knowledge is virtue”. Although both of them had stuck with this wisdom, they are not totally consistent over the understanding of it. According to Socrates, theory is knowledge while knowledge is virtue with its highest form as kindness. Based on Socrates’school of thought, knowledge starts with theory learning while ends with kindness cultivation. Knowledge hence has become the bond in between. In contrast, Yusuf thought of kindness as the bond between virtue and happiness. He interpreted the principle of“knowledge is virtue”as that virtue served as the foundation of goodness which afterwards became the source of happiness. Judging from such connections, it is obvious to see Yusuf thought of knowledge as the source of happiness which was what he pursues.%古代维吾尔族哲学家优素甫·哈斯·哈吉甫与苏格拉底在道德哲学方面有相似的论述，在“知识即美德”思想方面他们也有相通之处。虽然他们都强调“知识即美德”，但是他们对这一思想却有着不完全一致的理解。苏格拉底认为理念即知识—知识即美德—美德的最高形式是善，在他的“知识即美德”思想体系中，理念是知识的起点，善是知识的终点，知识是沟通理念和善的纽带。与其相比，优素甫则认为善行是连接美德和幸福的桥梁，知识即美德—美德是善的基础—善是幸福的源泉，在这种层层递进的关系中，不难看出，在优素甫看来知识是幸福的源泉，幸福是他追求的目标。