就业压力对医学生心理健康的影响调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the employment pressure to the mental health of medical students which provide the theoretical basis for the future work of employment guidance and psychological counse-ling.Methods The mental health of 186 medical students from one university was investigated before and af-ter signing the employment agreement using SCL-90 combined with STAI to analyze the influence of the em-ployment pressure on medical students'mental health.Results The 9 factor score of SCL-90 of medical students before signing the employment agreement were all higher than the Chinese youth norm, and the differences in somatization,depression and anxiety had significant difference (P<0.05).The 9 factor score of SCL-90 of medical students after signing the employment agreement were still higher than the Chinese youth norm,but only the differences in depression had significant difference (P<0.05).The factor score of somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid and psychosis-like symptoms of SCL-90 of medical students after signing the employment agreement were lower than these of medical students before signing the employment agreement,and the factor score of fear were higher than these students.But only the differences in somatization and anxiety had significant difference (P<0.05).The score of S-AI of medical students after sign the employment agreement were lower than before sign the em-ployment agreement,and the differences has significant difference (P<0.05).The score of T-AI of medical students after signing the employment agreement were higher than before signing the employment agree-ment,but the differences had no significant difference (P >0.05).Conclusion The employment pressure causes the great influence to the mental health of medical students,and the induced anxiety was state anxiety instead of trait anxiety.It must attach the great importance to school and student management workers.%目的：探讨就业压力对医学生心理健康的影响，为今后开展就业指导及心理健康辅导提供一定的理论依据。方法采用症状自评量表（symptom checklist 90，SCL-90）对某医学院校186名医学生签订毕业协议前后的心理健康状况进行调查，结合状态-特质焦虑问卷（ state-trait anxiety inventory ，STAI）综合探讨就业压力对医学生心理健康的影响。结果就业协议签订前医学生在SCL-90的9个因子得分均高于中国青年常模，且在躯体化、抑郁及焦虑因子差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；就业协议签订后医学生在SCL-90的9个因子得分仍均高于中国青年常模，但仅在抑郁因子差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）；就业协议签订后医学生在SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系等8个因子得分均低于就业协议签订前，在SCL-90的恐怖因子得分高于就业协议签订后，但仅在躯体化及焦虑2因子差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。就业协议签订后医学生在S-AI得分低于就业协议签订前，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；而T-AI得分高于就业协议签订前，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论医学生就业压力对心理健康的影响较大，且引起的焦虑为状态焦虑而非特质焦虑，必须引起学校及学生管理工作者的足够重视。